School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Dec;184(12):7309-22. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2500-1. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
It is essential to select the optimal pressure gauge location for effective management and maintenance of water distribution systems. This study proposes an objective and quantified standard for selecting the optimal pressure gauge location by defining the pressure change at other nodes as a result of demand change at a specific node using entropy theory. Two cases are considered in terms of demand change: that in which demand at all nodes shows peak load by using a peak factor and that comprising the demand change of the normal distribution whose average is the base demand. The actual pressure change pattern is determined by using the emitter function of EPANET to reflect the pressure that changes practically at each node. The optimal pressure gauge location is determined by prioritizing the node that processes the largest amount of information it gives to (giving entropy) and receives from (receiving entropy) the whole system according to the entropy standard. The suggested model is applied to one virtual and one real pipe network, and the optimal pressure gauge location combination is calculated by implementing the sensitivity analysis based on the study results. These analysis results support the following two conclusions. Firstly, the installation priority of the pressure gauge in water distribution networks can be determined with a more objective standard through the entropy theory. Secondly, the model can be used as an efficient decision-making guide for gauge installation in water distribution systems.
选择最佳的压力表位置对于有效管理和维护供水系统至关重要。本研究提出了一种客观的、量化的标准，通过利用熵理论定义特定节点的需求变化对其他节点的压力变化，来选择最佳的压力表位置。根据需求变化，考虑了两种情况：一种是所有节点的需求都显示出高峰负荷，使用峰因子；另一种是由正态分布的需求变化组成，其平均值是基础需求。通过使用 EPANET 的发射器函数来确定实际的压力变化模式，以反映每个节点实际变化的压力。根据熵标准，通过优先考虑处理其提供（给熵）和接收（收熵）整个系统信息量最大的节点来确定最佳的压力表位置。该模型应用于一个虚拟管网和一个实际管网，并根据研究结果进行了灵敏度分析，计算出最佳的压力表位置组合。这些分析结果支持以下两个结论。首先，通过熵理论，可以用更客观的标准确定供水管网中压力表的安装优先级。其次，该模型可以作为供水管网中仪表安装的有效决策指导。
