Hou Xian-qing, Wang Wei, Han Qing-fang, Jia Zhi-kuan, Yan Bo, Li Yong-ping, Su Qin
Chinese Institute of Water-saving Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Oct;22(10):2524-32.
In 2007-2010, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rotational tillage practices during summer follow on the soil water regime and grain yield in a winter wheat field in Southern Ningxia arid area. Three treatments were installed, i.e., T1 (no-tillage in first year, subsoiling in second year, and no-tillage in third year), T2 (subsoiling in first year, notillage in second year, and subsoiling in third year), and CT (conventional tillage in the 3 years). Through the three years of the tillage practices, the soil water storage efficiency in treatments T1 and T2 was increased averagely by 15.2% and 26.5%, respectively, as compared to CT. In treatments T1 and T2, the potential rainfall use rate was higher, being 37.8% and 38.5%, respectively, and the rainfall use efficiency was increased averagely by 9.9% and 10.7%, respectively, as compared to CT. Rotational tillage during summer fallow could decrease the soil ineffective evaporation significantly, and save the soil water effectively in wheat growth season. At early growth stage, the water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer in treatments T1 and T2 was increased averagely by 6.8% and 9. 4%, as compared to CT; at jointing, heading, and filling stages, the water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer in treatments T1 and T2 had a significant increase, giving greater contribution to the wheat yield than the control. Different rotational tillage practices increased the water consumption by wheat, but in the meantime, increased the grain yield and water use efficiency. In treatments T1 and T2, the water consumption by wheat through the three years was increased averagely by 5.2% and 6.1%, whereas the grain yield and the water use efficiency were increased averagely by 9.9% and 10.6%, and by 4.5% and 4.3%, respectively, as compared to CT. Correlation analysis showed that in Southern Ningxia arid area, the soil water storage at sowing, jointing, heading, and filling stages, especially at heading stage, could have significant effects on the winter wheat grain yield.
2007—2010年，在宁夏南部干旱区冬小麦田开展田间试验，研究夏季休闲期不同旋耕方式对土壤水分状况及籽粒产量的影响。设置3个处理，即T1（第1年免耕、第2年深松、第3年免耕）、T2（第1年深松、第2年免耕、第3年深松）和CT（3年常规耕作）。经过3年的耕作处理，与CT相比，T1和T2处理的土壤储水效率分别平均提高了15.2%和26.5%。在T1和T2处理中，潜在降雨利用率较高，分别为37.8%和38.5%，与CT相比，降雨利用效率分别平均提高了9.9%和10.7%。夏季休闲期旋耕可显著减少土壤无效蒸发，有效节省小麦生长季土壤水分。在生长前期，与CT相比，T1和T2处理0—200 cm土层储水量分别平均增加了6.8%和9.4%；在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期，T1和T2处理0—200 cm土层储水量显著增加，对小麦产量的贡献大于对照。不同旋耕方式增加了小麦耗水量，但同时提高了籽粒产量和水分利用效率。与CT相比，T1和T2处理3年小麦耗水量分别平均增加了5.2%和6.1%，籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别平均提高了9.9%和10.6%，以及4.5%和4.3%。相关性分析表明，在宁夏南部干旱区，播种期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的土壤储水量，尤其是抽穗期的土壤储水量，对冬小麦籽粒产量有显著影响。
