Huang Ming, Wu Jin-Zhi, Li You-Jun, Yao Yu-Qing, Zhang Can-Jun, Cai Dian-Xiong, Jin Ke
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2009 Jun;20(6):1355-61.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage patterns, i.e., deep plowing once, no-tillage, subsoiling, and conventional tillage, on the flag leaf senescence and grain yield of winter wheat, as well as the soil moisture and nutrient status under dry farming. No-tillage and subsoiling increased the SOD and POD activities and the chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, decreased the MDA and O2(-.) contents, and postponed the senescence of flag leaf. Under non-tillage and subsoiling, the moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer at anthesis and grain-filling stages was decreased by 4.13% and 6.23% and by 5.50% and 9.27%, respectively, and the contents of alkali-hydrolysable N, available P, and available K in this soil layer also increased significantly, compared with those under conventional tillage. Deep plowing once decreased the moisture content and increased the nutrients contents in 0-40 cm soil layer, but the decrement and increment were not significant. The post-anthesis biomass, post-anthesis dry matter translocation rate, and grain yield under no-tillage and subsoiling were 4.34% and 4.76%, 15.56% and 13.51%, and 10.22% and 9.26% higher than those under conventional tillage, respectively. It could be concluded that no-tillage and subsoiling provided better soil conditions for the post-anthesis growth of winter wheat, under which, the flag leaf senescence postponed, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and translocation accelerated, and grain yield increased significantly, being the feasible tillage practices in dry farming winter wheat areas.
通过田间试验研究了不同耕作方式（即深耕一次、免耕、深松和传统耕作）对冬小麦旗叶衰老、籽粒产量以及旱作条件下土壤水分和养分状况的影响。免耕和深松提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量，降低了丙二醛（MDA）和超氧阴离子（O₂⁻·）含量，延缓了旗叶衰老。与传统耕作相比，免耕和深松处理下，开花期和灌浆期0 - 40 cm土层土壤含水量分别降低了4.13%和6.23%、5.50%和9.27%，该土层碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量也显著增加。深耕一次降低了0 - 40 cm土层土壤含水量，增加了养分含量，但降幅和增幅均不显著。免耕和深松处理下的花后生物量、花后干物质转运率和籽粒产量分别比传统耕作高4.34%和4.76%、15.56%和13.51%、10.22%和9.26%。可以得出结论，免耕和深松为冬小麦花后生长提供了更好的土壤条件，在此条件下，旗叶衰老延缓，花后干物质积累和转运加速，籽粒产量显著增加，是旱作冬小麦产区可行的耕作方式。
