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[中国东北长白山多孔菌物种多样性、区系组成及分布特征]

[Polypore species diversity, floral composition, and distribution characteristics in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China].

作者信息

Wei Yu-lian

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China.

出版信息

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Oct;22(10):2711-7.

Abstract

Polypore is an important group of wood-rotting fungi, which can decompose wood cellulose, semi-cellulose, and lignin into nutrients to be utilized by itself and other organisms, and accordingly, can promote the material cycling in forest ecosystem. Based on more than 10 years investigation and collection, it was found that the polypore in Changbai Mountains was rich in species diversity, with the Shannon diversity index being 5.06. In the Mountains, a total of 246 polypore species were recorded, occupying 40.7% of the total in China. The polypore species recorded belonged to 80 genera, 11 families, and 6 orders, among which, Polyporaceae was the dominant family. The most important bio-geographical elements of the polypore in Changbai Mountains were north temperate element and cosmopolitan element, other elements also included, showing a distinct north temperate character in floral composition. Pinus was the main host of polypore, supporting 41.5% of the polypore in Changbai Mountains. Most of the polypore was saprophytic, and its quantity had a significant correlation with the decaying degree of substrates, implying its important role in the material cycling in forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountains. There were 18 threatened polypore species in the Mountains, accounting for 37.5% of total in China. Besides their important ecological functions, many of the polypore also had higher economic value. On the premise of complete protection on them, these fungal resources should be exploited reasonably.

摘要

多孔菌是一类重要的木材腐朽真菌,它能将木材中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分解为自身及其他生物可利用的养分,从而促进森林生态系统中的物质循环。经过10多年的调查与采集发现,长白山的多孔菌物种多样性丰富,香农多样性指数为5.06。该山区共记录到246种多孔菌,占中国多孔菌总数的40.7%。所记录的多孔菌物种隶属于6目11科80属,其中多孔菌科为优势科。长白山多孔菌最重要的生物地理成分是北温带成分和世界广布成分,也包含其他成分,在区系组成上呈现出明显的北温带特征。松树是多孔菌的主要寄主,长白山41.5%的多孔菌生长在松树上。大多数多孔菌为腐生菌,其数量与基质的腐朽程度显著相关,这表明它在长白山森林生态系统的物质循环中具有重要作用。该山区有18种受威胁的多孔菌物种,占中国受威胁多孔菌总数的37.5%。除了具有重要的生态功能外,许多多孔菌还具有较高的经济价值。在对它们进行全面保护的前提下,应合理开发这些真菌资源。

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引用本文的文献

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Species diversity, taxonomic classification and ecological habits of polypore fungi in China.
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