Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2012 Feb;153(2):214-221.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.035.
To evaluate time trends in the incidence and causes of new cases of blindness in Israel between 1999 and 2008.
Descriptive, retrospective population-based study.
During the decade of the study, 19 862 inhabitants of Israel were newly registered as legally blind. Data were retrieved from the 1999 to 2008 annual reports of the National Registry of the Blind in Israel and were reviewed retrospectively. Specific rates by age, gender, calendar year, and cause of blindness were calculated. Total and cause-specific annual age-standardized rates were calculated as well. Findings were evaluated by the use of Poisson regression models.
The age-standardized rate of incidence of newly registered legal blindness at the end of the studied decade was half of that at the beginning, declining from 33.8 per 100 000 in 1999 to 16.6 per 100 000 in 2008. The decline mainly was attributable to a decreased incidence of blindness resulting from age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and cataract.
Contemporary interventions in ophthalmology combined with widely available universal free access to healthcare seem to be effective in causing a major reduction in the incidence of blindness.
评估 1999 年至 2008 年期间以色列新发生盲病例的发病率和病因的时间趋势。
描述性、回顾性基于人群的研究。
在研究的十年期间，有 19862 名以色列居民被新登记为法定盲人。数据取自以色列全国盲人登记处 1999 年至 2008 年的年度报告，并进行了回顾性审查。按年龄、性别、日历年度和致盲原因计算了特定的发病率。还计算了总发病率和病因特异性的年龄标准化发病率。使用泊松回归模型评估了发现。
在研究结束时，新登记的法定失明发病率的年龄标准化率为研究开始时的一半，从 1999 年的每 100000 人 33.8 例降至 2008 年的每 100000 人 16.6 例。这种下降主要归因于与年龄相关的黄斑变性、青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变和白内障引起的失明发病率下降。
眼科的现代干预措施与广泛普及的全民免费医疗相结合，似乎有效地降低了失明的发病率。
