University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011 Dec;25(6):751-66. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.11.010.
Articular cartilage is a uniquely ordered tissue that is designed to resist compression and redistribute load, but is poorly equipped for self-repair. The chondrocyte is the only resident cell type, responsible for maintaining a specialised and extensive matrix that is avascular and lacks innervation. These attributes, as well as the slow turnover rate of aggrecan and type II collagen in mature articular cartilage, present a considerable challenge to the tissue engineer. Similarly, those attempting to halt the progression of cartilage erosion must contend with these unusual characteristics. This review explores the gaps in our knowledge of cartilage biology and pathology, including what is known about the relative contribution of collagenases and aggrecanases to cartilage degradation, the need to regulate the chondrocytic phenotype and the putative role of chondrocyte hypertrophy in the pathogenesis of degenerative and rheumatic joint disease. Recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering are also reviewed.
关节软骨是一种独特有序的组织，旨在抵抗压缩和重新分配负荷，但自我修复能力很差。软骨细胞是唯一的常驻细胞类型，负责维持一种特殊的、广泛的基质，这种基质是无血管的，也没有神经支配。这些特性，以及成熟关节软骨中聚集蛋白聚糖和 II 型胶原的缓慢周转率，给组织工程师带来了相当大的挑战。同样，那些试图阻止软骨侵蚀进展的人必须应对这些不寻常的特征。本文综述了我们对软骨生物学和病理学的认识差距，包括对胶原酶和聚集蛋白聚糖酶对软骨降解的相对贡献的了解，对调节软骨细胞表型的需要，以及软骨细胞肥大在退行性和风湿性关节疾病发病机制中的潜在作用。还回顾了软骨组织工程的最新进展。
