Pharmaxis Inc, Medical Affairs, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2012 May;46(6):407-12. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090823. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
Unfavourable effects on the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems from short-term and long-term inhalation of air pollution are well documented. Exposure to freshly generated mixed combustion emissions such as those observed in proximity to roadways with high volumes of traffic and those from ice-resurfacing equipment are of particular concern. This is because there is a greater toxicity from freshly generated whole exhaust than from its component parts. The particles released from emissions are considered to cause oxidative damage and inflammation in the airways and the vascular system, and may be related to decreased exercise performance. However, few studies have examined this aspect. Several papers describe deleterious effects on health from chronic and acute air pollution exposure. However, there has been no research into the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on athletic performance and a paucity of studies that describe the effects of acute exposure on exercise performance. The current knowledge of exercising in the high-pollution environment and the consequences that it may have on athlete performance are reviewed.
短期和长期吸入空气污染对呼吸系统和心血管系统的不利影响已有充分记录。接触新生成的混合燃烧排放物，如在交通量较大的道路附近观察到的排放物，以及除冰设备产生的排放物，特别令人关注。这是因为新生成的整体废气比其组成部分毒性更大。排放物释放的颗粒被认为会导致呼吸道和血管系统的氧化损伤和炎症，并且可能与运动表现下降有关。然而，很少有研究对此进行检查。有几篇论文描述了慢性和急性空气污染暴露对健康的有害影响。但是，目前还没有研究长期暴露于空气污染对运动表现的影响，也没有很多研究描述急性暴露对运动表现的影响。本文回顾了在高污染环境中运动的现有知识及其对运动员表现可能产生的后果。
