Segreti Andrea, Celeski Mihail, Guerra Emiliano, Crispino Simone Pasquale, Vespasiano Francesca, Buzzelli Lorenzo, Fossati Chiara, Papalia Rocco, Pigozzi Fabio, Grigioni Francesco
Cardiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy.
Research Unit of Cardiovascular Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 22;13(16):4961. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164961.
Environmental factors such as extreme temperatures, humidity, wind, pollution, altitude, and diving can significantly impact athletes' cardiovascular systems, potentially hindering their performance, particularly in outdoor sports. The urgency of this issue is heightened by the increasing prevalence of climate change and its associated conditions, including fluctuating pollution levels, temperature variations, and the spread of infectious diseases. Despite its critical importance, this topic is often overlooked in sports medicine. This narrative review seeks to address this gap by providing a comprehensive, evidence-based evaluation of how athletes respond to environmental stresses. A thorough assessment of current knowledge is essential to better prepare athletes for competition under environmental stress and to minimize the harmful effects of these factors. Specifically, adaptative strategies and preventative measures are vital to mitigating these environmental influences and ensuring athletes' safety.
极端温度、湿度、风、污染、海拔和潜水等环境因素会对运动员的心血管系统产生重大影响，可能会阻碍他们的表现，尤其是在户外运动中。气候变化及其相关状况（包括污染水平波动、温度变化和传染病传播）的日益普遍，加剧了这一问题的紧迫性。尽管这一话题至关重要，但在运动医学中却常常被忽视。本叙述性综述旨在通过对运动员如何应对环境压力进行全面的、基于证据的评估来填补这一空白。对现有知识进行全面评估对于让运动员更好地为在环境压力下比赛做好准备以及将这些因素的有害影响降至最低至关重要。具体而言，适应性策略和预防措施对于减轻这些环境影响并确保运动员的安全至关重要。
