Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45:588-99. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.050. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
Worldwide, both brake lamps and tail lamps on motor vehicles are required to be red. Previous studies have not examined the effect of this confound in a complex, high-traffic scenario in a driving simulator or on visuomotor behavior. In the first experiment, drivers detected brake lamps on nine lead vehicles and lane changes on two rear vehicles in a 15 min simulated night time highway drive. A second experiment was used to examine the findings in the context of pre-attentive visual processing research. A third experiment analyzed visuomotor behavior and subjective workload during a vigilance task to further evaluate this hypothesis. For all studies, tail lamp color was manipulated, resulting in two conditions: the currently mandated red tail lamps and red brake lamps vs. yellow tail lamps and red brake lamps. Compared to current rear lighting, employing yellow tail lamps with red brake lamps reduced RT, error, subjective workload, improved performance in detecting lane changes and also changed visuomotor behavior. It is suggested that the mechanism allowing better performance is pre-attentive, parallel visual processing.
在全球范围内，汽车的制动灯和尾灯都必须是红色。以往的研究尚未在驾驶模拟器或视动行为中对这种复杂、高交通流量场景下的干扰因素进行过研究。在第一个实验中，驾驶员在 15 分钟的模拟夜间高速公路行驶中检测了 9 辆前车的制动灯和 2 辆后车的变道情况。第二个实验用于在预注意视觉处理研究的背景下检验研究结果。第三个实验分析了警觉任务期间的视动行为和主观工作量，以进一步验证这一假设。在所有研究中，尾灯颜色都经过了操纵，产生了两种情况：目前强制要求的红色尾灯和红色制动灯与黄色尾灯和红色制动灯。与当前的后灯照明相比，采用红色制动灯的黄色尾灯可减少反应时间、错误、主观工作量，提高对变道的检测性能，并且改变视动行为。研究表明，允许更好性能的机制是预注意的、平行的视觉处理。
