Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. cristina.bosetti@ marionegri.it
Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Jan 24;9(2):102-10. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.219.
Aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. With specific reference to urological cancers, a protective role for aspirin has been suggested for prostate cancer, but data for cancers of the bladder and kidney have been limited and inconsistent. Epidemiological evidence suggests that prostate cancer risk is reduced by 10% in regular aspirin users, with similar risk reductions reported in both case-control and cohort studies, and for both slow-growing and aggressive cancers. However, risk estimates were significantly heterogeneous and there was no relationship between risk reduction and frequency, dose or duration of use. Thus, inference for causality and public health implications remain far from conclusive. Although a few case-control studies have reported a favorable effect of aspirin on bladder cancer, most investigations did not find any meaningful association. A modest nonsignificant increased risk was reported for kidney cancer. Such excess risk, however, might be due to exposure to phenacetin-containing analgesics, which have been reported to increase renal cell cancer risk.
阿司匹林与结直肠癌风险降低有关。具体而言，阿司匹林对前列腺癌具有保护作用，但有关膀胱癌和肾癌的数据有限且不一致。流行病学证据表明，经常使用阿司匹林可使前列腺癌的风险降低 10%，病例对照研究和队列研究均报告了类似的风险降低，而且对于生长缓慢和侵袭性癌症也是如此。但是，风险估计值差异很大，并且风险降低与使用频率、剂量或持续时间之间没有关系。因此，对于因果关系的推断和公共卫生的影响仍远未得出结论。尽管一些病例对照研究报告了阿司匹林对膀胱癌的有利影响，但大多数研究并未发现任何有意义的关联。有报道称肾癌的风险略有增加，但无统计学意义。但是，这种额外的风险可能归因于含有非那西汀的止痛药的暴露，非那西汀已被报道会增加肾细胞癌的风险。
