Laboratory of Exercise Sciences-LACE, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Professor Hernani Pires de Melo 101, sala 106, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Sep;112(9):3369-78. doi: 10.1007/s00421-012-2315-y. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
Despite mortality from heart disease has been decreasing, the decline in death in women remains lower than in men. Hypertension (HT) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, approaches to prevent or delay the onset of HT would be valuable in women. Given this background, we investigated the effect of diet and exercise training on blood pressure (BP) and autonomic modulation in women with prehypertension (PHT). Ten women with PHT (39 ± 6 years, mean ± standard deviation) and ten with normotension (NT) (35 ± 11 years) underwent diet and exercise training for 12 weeks. Autonomic modulation was assessed through heart rate (HR) and systolic BP (SBP) variability, using time and frequency domain analyses. At preintervention, women with PHT had higher SBP (PHT: 128 ± 7 vs. NT: 111 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.05) and lower HR variability [standard deviation of normal-to-normal beats (SDNN), PHT: 41 ± 18 vs. NT: 60 ± 19 ms, p < 0.05]. At post-intervention, peak oxygen consumption and muscular strength increased (p < 0.05), while body mass index decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). However, SBP decreased (118 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.05 vs. preintervention) and total HR variability tended to increase (total power: 1,397 ± 570 vs. 2,137 ± 1,110 ms(2), p = 0.08) only in the group with PHT; consequently, HR variability became similar between groups at post-intervention (p > 0.05). Moreover, reduction in SBP was associated with augmentation in SDNN (r = -0.46, p < 0.05) and reduction in low-frequency power [LF (n.u.); r = 0.46, p < 0.05]. In conclusion, diet and exercise training reduced SBP in women with PHT, and this was associated with augmentation in parasympathetic and probably reduction in sympathetic cardiac modulation.
尽管心脏病导致的死亡率一直在下降，但女性的死亡率下降幅度仍低于男性。高血压（HT）是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。因此，采取预防或延迟 HT 发病的方法对女性具有重要意义。鉴于此，我们研究了饮食和运动训练对高血压前期（PHT）女性血压（BP）和自主神经调节的影响。10 名 PHT 女性（39±6 岁）和 10 名血压正常（NT）女性（35±11 岁）接受了为期 12 周的饮食和运动训练。通过心率（HR）和收缩压（SBP）变异性的时间和频域分析来评估自主神经调节。在干预前，PHT 女性的 SBP 更高（PHT：128±7 与 NT：111±6mmHg，p<0.05），HR 变异性更低[正常-正常心搏之间的标准差（SDNN），PHT：41±18 与 NT：60±19ms，p<0.05]。在干预后，峰值耗氧量和肌肉力量增加（p<0.05），而两组的体重指数均降低（p<0.05）。然而，仅在 PHT 组 SBP 降低（118±8mmHg，p<0.05 与干预前相比），总 HR 变异性趋于增加（总功率：1397±570 与 2137±1110ms2，p=0.08）；因此，干预后两组间的 HR 变异性变得相似（p>0.05）。此外，SBP 的降低与 SDNN 的增加（r=-0.46，p<0.05）和 LF（n.u.）的降低相关[r=0.46，p<0.05]。结论：饮食和运动训练降低了 PHT 女性的 SBP，这与副交感神经的增强和可能的交感神经心脏调节的降低有关。
