Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Semin Reprod Med. 2012 Jan;30(1):32-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1299595. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
Estrogen is essential for folliculogenesis with independent roles attributed to each of the two estrogen receptors (ERs). ERβ, expressed predominantly by the ovarian granulosa cells, is required for antrum formation, preovulatory follicle maturation, expression of genes involved in ovarian differentiation (luteinizing hormone, aromatase, etc.), and follicle rupture during ovulation. Ovulatory dysfunction is associated with polymorphisms of the ERβ gene, and endocrine disruptors that selectively activate ERβ cause reproductive dysfunction and impairment fertility. ERβ may also exhibit antitumorigenic properties, with a decline in ERβ levels in epithelial ovarian cancers associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. In this review, we examine the models that have been used to elucidate the roles ERβ plays in the ovary and consider the clinical consequences of altered ERβ expression or inappropriate activation of ERβ signaling.
雌激素对于卵泡发生至关重要，其两个受体（ER）各自具有独立的作用。ERβ主要由卵巢颗粒细胞表达，对于卵泡腔的形成、排卵前卵泡的成熟、与卵巢分化相关的基因的表达（促黄体生成素、芳香化酶等）以及排卵时卵泡破裂都很重要。排卵功能障碍与 ERβ 基因的多态性有关，选择性激活 ERβ 的内分泌干扰物会导致生殖功能障碍和生育能力受损。ERβ 可能还具有抗肿瘤特性，上皮性卵巢癌中 ERβ 水平的下降与更严重的疾病和预后不良有关。在这篇综述中，我们检查了用于阐明 ERβ 在卵巢中作用的模型，并考虑了 ERβ 表达改变或 ERβ 信号转导异常激活的临床后果。
