Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, 42075 Konya, Turkey.
J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Jul;92(9):1982-7. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5571. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
Fatty acids and tocopherols in appropriate quantities are invaluable attributes that are desirable in seeds of agricultural products. Studies have generally focused on the evaluation of the oil and tocopherol components of oil crops. Recently, investigations revealed that the grape seed has robust potential in the production of healthy fatty acids as well as tocopherols. This study was thus conducted to determine the oil and tocopherol components of grape seeds, obtained from various grape cultivars of different species, including two rootstock varieties.
The grape seed oil concentration of the studied varieties ranged from 7.3 to 22.4%. The determined fatty acid profiles of the genotypes conformed to the pattern described in the literature for grapes. Linoleic acid is the major component comprising 53.6-69.6% of the total, followed by oleic (16.2-31.2%), palmitic (6.9-12.9%) and stearic (1.44-4.69%). The oils of all the seeds analysed showed a preponderance of α-tocopherol (ranging from 260.5 to 153.1 mg kg⁻¹ oil extract). β-Tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were also detected with the general means of 0.98, 22.2 and 0.92 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Linoleic acid showed a significantly negative correlation with all the fatty acids analysed. The strongest negative correlation existed between linoleic and oleic acids (r = -0.834, P < 0.01).
Present investigations indicated that oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol constituents of grape seed show great variation among the genotypes. Markedly higher proportions of linoleic acid with considerable amounts of tocopherols found in the oil samples suggest that grape seed is a good source for culinary, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses.
适量的脂肪酸和生育酚是农产品种子中非常宝贵的属性。研究通常集中在评估油作物的油分和生育酚成分上。最近的研究表明，葡萄籽在生产健康脂肪酸和生育酚方面具有巨大的潜力。因此，本研究旨在确定来自不同种葡萄品种（包括两个砧木品种）的葡萄籽的油分和生育酚成分。
研究品种的葡萄籽油浓度范围为 7.3%至 22.4%。所研究基因型的脂肪酸图谱符合文献中对葡萄的描述模式。亚油酸是主要成分，占总含量的 53.6-69.6%，其次是油酸（16.2-31.2%）、棕榈酸（6.9-12.9%）和硬脂酸（1.44-4.69%）。所有分析种子的油分均显示出 α-生育酚的优势（范围为 260.5 至 153.1mgkg⁻¹油提取物）。还检测到 β-生育酚、γ-生育酚和 δ-生育酚，平均值分别为 0.98、22.2 和 0.92mgkg⁻¹。亚油酸与所有分析的脂肪酸呈显著负相关。亚油酸和油酸之间存在最强的负相关（r = -0.834，P < 0.01）。
目前的研究表明，葡萄籽油含量、脂肪酸组成和生育酚成分在基因型之间存在很大差异。油样中发现亚油酸比例明显较高，生育酚含量相当高，这表明葡萄籽是烹饪、制药和化妆品应用的良好来源。
