Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2012 Apr;295(4):553-62. doi: 10.1002/ar.22417. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
The mammary gland is one of the best-studied examples of an organ whose structure and function are influenced by reciprocal signaling and communication between cells and their microenvironment. The mammary epithelial cell (MEC) microenvironment includes stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Abundant evidence shows that the ECM and growth factors co-operate to regulate cell cycle progression, and that the ECM is altered in breast tumors. In particular, mammographically dense breast tissue is a significant risk factor for developing breast carcinomas. Dense breast tissue is associated with increased stromal collagen and epithelial cell content. In this article, we overview recent studies addressing the effects of ECM composition on the breast cancer cell cycle. Although the normal breast ECM keeps the MEC cycle in check, the ECM remodeling associated with breast cancer positively regulates the MEC cycle. ECM effects on the downstream biochemical and mechanosignaling pathways in both normal and tumorigenic MECs will be reviewed.
乳腺是一个结构和功能受到细胞与其微环境之间相互信号传递和通讯影响的器官，其是研究得最好的例子之一。乳腺上皮细胞（MEC）的微环境包括基质细胞和细胞外基质（ECM）。大量证据表明，细胞外基质和生长因子共同调节细胞周期进程，并且乳腺肿瘤中的细胞外基质发生了改变。特别是，乳腺组织致密是发生乳腺癌的重要危险因素。乳腺组织致密与间质胶原和上皮细胞含量增加有关。在本文中，我们综述了最近研究探讨细胞外基质组成对乳腺癌细胞周期的影响。尽管正常乳腺细胞外基质可使 MEC 周期保持稳定，但与乳腺癌相关的细胞外基质重塑可正向调节 MEC 周期。我们将综述细胞外基质对正常和致瘤性 MEC 中下游生化和机械信号通路的影响。
