Regulation of cell signaling and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

In order to successfully survive in host and persistent infection, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) utilized sophisticated mechanisms to suppress or escape from the host' innate and adaptive immune systems, and then changed host gene expression. Signaling pathways play a pivotal role in the regulation of diverse biological processes. Once signaling pathways are activated by a variety of different stimuli, immune responses will be triggered by the activation of chemokines, transcription factors, and inflammatory cytokines to adjust the aggressive replication and dissemination of viruses. PRRSV infection is able to get many signaling pathways activation that facilitates distinct cell functions to modulate immune responses. In addition, the cross-talk of cell signaling pathways also can regulate PRRSV replication and also is present in this review by recent finding.