Anagnostis Panagiotis
Department of Endocrinology, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;16(1):72-80. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.91195.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It seems to affect about one-fourth to one-fifth of the Mediterranean population, and its prevalence increases with age, being similar for both sexes and depending on the region and the definition used, with the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATPIII) definition being the most effective in the identification of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular risk. Except for these, MetS is associated with fatty liver disease, some forms of cancer, hypogonadism, and vascular dementia. The Mediterranean diet seems to be an ideal diet in patients with MetS, being rich in fibre, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and low in animal protein; and decreases the prevalence of MetS and cardiovascular disease risk. Except for weight loss, multifactorial intervention including insulin resistance reduction and normoglycemia, management of dyslipidemia, optimizing blood pressure and administration of low-dose aspirin for patients at high or moderately high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are additional targets. The present review provides current understanding about MetS in the Mediterranean region, focusing on its prevalence, clinical significance, and therapeutic strategy.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一组代谢异常，包括腹型肥胖、空腹血糖受损、高血压和血脂异常。它似乎影响约四分之一至五分之一的地中海人群，其患病率随年龄增长而增加，男女相似，并取决于地区和所采用的定义，其中美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告（NCEP-ATPIII）的定义在识别葡萄糖不耐受和心血管风险方面最为有效。除此之外，代谢综合征还与脂肪性肝病、某些癌症、性腺功能减退和血管性痴呆有关。地中海饮食似乎是代谢综合征患者的理想饮食，富含纤维、单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪，动物蛋白含量低；并降低了代谢综合征的患病率和心血管疾病风险。除了减肥外，多因素干预包括降低胰岛素抵抗和实现血糖正常、管理血脂异常、优化血压以及为心血管疾病（CVD）风险高或中度高的患者服用小剂量阿司匹林也是其他目标。本综述提供了对地中海地区代谢综合征的当前认识，重点关注其患病率、临床意义和治疗策略。
