Kanda Takashi
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2011 Nov;51(11):1020-2. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.51.1020.
Blood-nerve barrier (BNB) is a "Janus-faced" structure for the peripheral nerve parenchyma. Healthy BNB may contribute to stabilize the internal milleu of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and to stop the entrance of toxic substances and harmful leukocytes into nerve parenchyma. On the other hand, healthy BNB may sometimes be a drawback because the peripheral nerve parenchyma cannot receive enough amount of nutrients and growth factors and cannot excrete toxic substances into systemic circulation because of its presence. Here we present a future therapeutic strategy to control BNB function, based on the basic knowledge acquired from recently developed human immortalized cell lines of BNB origin. If we can artificially regulate the BNB permeability and the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of BNB-forming endothelial cells, and stop the entrance of toxic substances as well as pathogenic leukocytes into PNS parenchyma, the treatment of inflammatory neuropathies may make great progresses. For hereditary, metabolic and ischemic neuropathies, the promotion of the entrance of growth factors into PNS parenchyma and of the excretion of toxic substances should powerfully encourage the regeneration of axons.
血-神经屏障（BNB）是外周神经实质的一种“双面”结构。健康的血-神经屏障有助于稳定外周神经系统（PNS）的内环境，并阻止有毒物质和有害白细胞进入神经实质。另一方面，健康的血-神经屏障有时可能成为一个不利因素，因为外周神经实质由于其存在而无法获得足够数量的营养物质和生长因子，也无法将有毒物质排泄到体循环中。在此，我们基于从最近开发的源自血-神经屏障的人永生化细胞系获得的基础知识，提出一种控制血-神经屏障功能的未来治疗策略。如果我们能够人工调节血-神经屏障的通透性以及形成血-神经屏障的内皮细胞表面黏附分子的表达，并阻止有毒物质和致病性白细胞进入PNS实质，那么炎性神经病的治疗可能会取得重大进展。对于遗传性、代谢性和缺血性神经病，促进生长因子进入PNS实质以及有毒物质的排泄应能有力地促进轴突再生。
