Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Nov;92(14):2800-10. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.5590. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
The increasing interest in organic food products and environmental friendly practices has emphasised the importance of selecting crop varieties suitable for the low-input sector. Moreover, in recent years the relationship between diet and human health has gained much attention among consumers. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the agronomic performance and the nutrient and phytochemical composition of old and modern Italian wheat genotypes grown under low-input management.
Research highlighted that several old wheat genotypes were comparable to the modern ones in terms of agronomic performance and nutrient content. Genotype and environmental conditions (growing season), as well as their interaction, significantly affected the phytochemical composition of wheat grains for most of the analysed bioactive compounds. High variability was observed among the wheat genotypes for dietary fibre (154.7-183.3 g kg⁻¹), polyphenol (1.94-2.77 mg g⁻¹), tocopherol (9.1-21.2 mg kg⁻¹) and carotenoid (701.4-3243 µg kg⁻¹) content.
The comparative study of old and modern wheat varieties highlighted that, under low-input conditions, ancient genotypes may equal modern ones in terms of agronomic traits and additionally provide nutraceutical value-added wheat grains. The most promising ancient varieties for the unique phytochemical profiles are Gentil rosso, Marzuolo d'aqui and Verna.
对有机食品产品和环保实践的日益关注强调了选择适合低投入部门的作物品种的重要性。此外，近年来，饮食与人类健康之间的关系引起了消费者的广泛关注。本研究的目的是比较评估在低投入管理下种植的意大利古老和现代小麦基因型的农艺表现以及营养和植物化学组成。
研究表明，在农艺表现和营养成分方面，几种古老的小麦基因型与现代小麦基因型相当。基因型和环境条件（生长季节）以及它们的相互作用对大多数分析的生物活性化合物的小麦籽粒的植物化学组成有显著影响。对于膳食纤维（154.7-183.3 g kg⁻¹）、多酚（1.94-2.77 mg g⁻¹）、生育酚（9.1-21.2 mg kg⁻¹）和类胡萝卜素（701.4-3243 µg kg⁻¹）含量，小麦基因型之间存在高度的可变性。
古老和现代小麦品种的比较研究表明，在低投入条件下，古代基因型在农艺性状方面可能与现代基因型相当，并且还可以提供具有营养保健价值的增值小麦籽粒。具有独特植物化学特征的最有前途的古老品种是 Gentil rosso、Marzuolo d'aqui 和 Verna。
