Southeast Ecological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012 Apr;31(4):885-91. doi: 10.1002/etc.1757. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
A prospective risk assessment was conducted for adult butterflies potentially exposed to the mosquito control insecticide naled. Published acute mortality data, exposure data collected during field studies, and morphometric data (total surface area and fresh body weight) for adult butterflies were combined in a probabilistic estimate of the likelihood that adult butterfly exposure to naled following aerial applications would exceed levels associated with acute mortality. Adult butterfly exposure was estimated based on the product of (1) naled residues on samplers and (2) an exposure metric that normalized total surface area for adult butterflies to their fresh weight. The likelihood that the 10th percentile refined effect estimate for adult butterflies exposed to naled would be exceeded following aerial naled applications was 67 to 80%. The greatest risk would be for butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, and the lowest risk would be for those in the family Hesperidae, assuming equivalent sensitivity to naled. A range of potential guideline naled deposition levels is presented that, if not exceeded, would reduce the risk of adult butterfly mortality. The results for this risk assessment were compared with other risk estimates for butterflies, and the implications for adult butterflies in areas targeted by aerial naled applications are discussed.
对可能接触到蚊虫控制杀虫剂奈（naled）的成年蝴蝶进行了前瞻性风险评估。将已发表的急性死亡率数据、野外研究中收集的暴露数据以及成年蝴蝶的形态计量学数据（总表面积和新鲜体重）结合在一起，对成年蝴蝶暴露于空中施用奈后的急性死亡率相关水平进行了概率估计。根据（1）采样器上的奈残留量和（2）归一化成年蝴蝶总表面积与其新鲜体重的暴露指标，估算了成年蝴蝶的暴露程度。10%的经细化的成年蝴蝶暴露于奈的效应估计值在进行奈的空中施用后可能会被超过的概率为 67%至 80%。风险最大的是 Lycaenidae 科的蝴蝶，风险最小的是 Hesperidae 科的蝴蝶，假设对奈的敏感性相当。提出了一系列潜在的奈沉积水平指导值，如果不超过这些水平，将降低成年蝴蝶死亡率的风险。对该风险评估的结果与其他蝴蝶的风险评估进行了比较，并讨论了在奈的空中施用目标区域的成年蝴蝶的影响。
