Department of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012 Jan 26;12:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-6.
Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Total Fertility Rate of Ethiopia is 5.4 children per women, population growth rate is estimated to be 2.7% per year and contraceptive prevalence rate is only 15% while the unmet need for family planning is 34%. Overall awareness of Family Planning methods is high, at 87%. The prevalence of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPMs) in Tigray region was very low which accounts for 0.1% for implants and no users for intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and female sterilization. Moreover almost all modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia is dependent on short acting contraceptive methods. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPM) among married women of reproductive age group in Mekelle town.
A cross sectional community based survey was conducted from March 9-20, 2011. Multistage sample technique was used to select the participants for the quantitative methods whereas purposive sampling was used for the qualitative part of the study. Binary descriptive statistics and multiple variable regressions were done.
The study consisted of quantitative and qualitative data. From the quantitative part of the study the response rate of the study was 95.6%. Of the qualitative part two FGDs were conducted for each married women and married men. 64% of the married women heard about LAPMs. More than half (53.6%) of the married women had negative attitude towards practicing of LAPMs. The overall prevalence of LAPMs use was 12.3% however; there were no users for female or male sterilization. The main reason cited by the majority of the married women for not using LAPMs was using another method of contraception 360 (93.3%). Mothers who had high knowledge were 8 times more likely to use LAPMs as compared with those who had low knowledge (AOR = 7.9, 95% CI of (3.1, 18.3). Mothers who had two or more pregnancies were 3 times more likely to use LAPM as compared with those who had one pregnancy (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI of (1.4, 5.1).
A significant amount of the participants had low knowledge on permanent contraceptive particularly vasectomy. More than half (53.6%) of married women had negative attitude towards practicing of LAMPs. Few of married women use female sterilization and none use of female sterilization and or vasectomy. Positive knowledge of LAMPs, women who had two and above pregnancies and women who do not want to have additional child were significantly associated. Information education communication should focus on alleviating factors hinder from practicing of LAPMs.
埃塞俄比亚是撒哈拉以南非洲第二大人口大国。该国的总生育率为每名妇女生育 5.4 个孩子，人口增长率估计为每年 2.7%，而避孕普及率仅为 15%，同时计划生育未满足需求为 34%。整体上，人们对计划生育方法的认识很高，达到 87%。在提格雷地区，长效和永久性避孕方法（LAPM）的普及率非常低，仅为 0.1%的人使用植入物，没有人使用宫内节育器（IUD）和女性绝育。此外，埃塞俄比亚几乎所有现代避孕方法都依赖于短效避孕方法。本研究的目的是评估与已婚育龄妇女使用长效和永久性避孕方法（LAPM）相关的因素，研究地点在梅克莱镇。
2011 年 3 月 9 日至 20 日，进行了一项基于社区的横断面调查。采用多阶段抽样技术选择定量方法的参与者，而研究的定性部分则采用了目的性抽样。进行了二元描述性统计和多变量回归。
该研究包括定量和定性数据。从研究的定量部分来看，研究的应答率为 95.6%。在定性部分，对每个已婚妇女和已婚男子进行了两次焦点小组讨论。64%的已婚妇女听说过 LAPM。超过一半（53.6%）的已婚妇女对实践 LAPM 持负面态度。长效避孕方法的总体使用率为 12.3%，但没有女性或男性绝育的使用者。大多数已婚妇女不使用 LAPM 的主要原因是使用了另一种避孕方法，有 360 人（93.3%）。与知识水平低的母亲相比，知识水平高的母亲使用 LAPM 的可能性是其 8 倍（AOR = 7.9，95%CI 为 3.1，18.3）。有两次或两次以上怀孕的母亲使用 LAPM 的可能性是仅怀孕一次的母亲的 3 倍（AOR = 2.7，95%CI 为 1.4，5.1）。
相当一部分参与者对永久性避孕方法，特别是输精管切除术的知识水平较低。超过一半（53.6%）的已婚妇女对实践 LAMPs 持负面态度。很少有已婚妇女使用女性绝育，没有人使用女性绝育或输精管切除术。长效避孕方法的知识水平较高、有两次及以上怀孕的妇女以及不想再有孩子的妇女与 LAPM 的使用显著相关。信息、教育和宣传应侧重于缓解阻碍使用 LAPM 的因素。
