Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
Body Image. 2012 Mar;9(2):293-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.12.004. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
This study investigated associations between familial and peer modeling of weightlifting and verbal commentary with muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors to increase muscularity in men. Participants were 177 male undergraduates who completed self-report questionnaires measuring negative verbal commentary about appearance and encouragement to lift from family and peers, paternal and peer modeling of weightlifting, muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors aimed at increasing muscularity. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined the relationships between these social influences and body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors. Both regression models were significant. Peer encouragement to lift and peer negative verbal commentary were significant predictors of body dissatisfaction; paternal and peer modeling and peer encouragement to lift were significant predictors of body change behaviors. These findings confirm the importance of verbal commentary to male body dissatisfaction and also highlight the importance of modeling on men's engagement in body change behaviors to increase muscularity.
本研究调查了举重的家庭和同伴示范以及口头评论与男子肌肉取向的身体不满和身体改变行为（以增加肌肉量）之间的关联。参与者为 177 名男性本科生，他们完成了自我报告问卷，测量了来自家庭和同伴的关于外表的负面口头评论以及鼓励举重的情况、父亲和同伴的举重示范、肌肉取向的身体不满和身体改变行为（旨在增加肌肉量）。两个层次线性回归检验了这些社会影响与身体不满和身体改变行为之间的关系。两个回归模型都具有统计学意义。同伴鼓励举重和同伴负面口头评论是身体不满的显著预测因素；父亲和同伴的示范以及同伴鼓励举重是身体改变行为的显著预测因素。这些发现证实了口头评论对男性身体不满的重要性，同时也强调了榜样对男性参与身体改变行为（以增加肌肉量）的重要性。
