Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Semin Perinatol. 2012 Feb;36(1):56-9. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.011.
Preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the 3 leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the past 50 years, there has been a significant reduction in the rates of eclampsia, maternal mortality, and maternal morbidity in the developed countries. In contrast, the rates of eclampsia, maternal complications, and maternal mortality remain high in the developing countries. These differences are mainly due to universal access to prenatal care, access to timely care, and proper management of patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia in the developed countries. In contrast, most of maternal deaths and complications are due to lack of prenatal care, lack of access to hospital care, lack of resources, and inappropriate diagnosis and management of patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia in the developing countries. Preeclampsia/eclampsia is associated with substantial maternal complications, both acute and long-term. Clear protocols for early detection and management of hypertension in pregnancy at all levels of health care are required for better maternal as well as perinatal outcome. This is especially important in the developing countries.
子痫前期/子痫是全球孕产妇发病率和死亡率的 3 大主要原因之一。在过去的 50 年中，发达国家的子痫前期/子痫、孕产妇死亡率和孕产妇发病率显著下降。相比之下，发展中国家的子痫前期/子痫、孕产妇并发症和孕产妇死亡率仍然很高。这些差异主要是由于发达国家普遍能够获得产前护理、及时获得护理以及对子痫前期/子痫患者进行适当的管理。相比之下，大多数孕产妇死亡和并发症是由于缺乏产前护理、缺乏获得医院护理的机会、资源匮乏以及对发展中国家的子痫前期/子痫患者进行不当的诊断和管理导致的。子痫前期/子痫会导致严重的急性和长期的孕产妇并发症。需要在各级医疗保健机构制定明确的高血压早期检测和管理方案，以改善孕产妇和围产儿结局。这在发展中国家尤为重要。
