Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 2013 Mar;20(1):140-7. doi: 10.1007/s12529-011-9218-x.
Sense of control has been linked to improved health outcomes, but it is unclear if this association is independent of other psychosocial factors.
The aim of this study is to test the strength of association between sense of control and self-reported health after adjustment for positive and negative affect, "Big 5" personality factors, and social support.
Data on sense of control (measured by personal mastery, perceived constraints, and a health-specific rating of control), affect, personality, social support, and two measures of self-reported health (global rating of fair or poor health and presence of functional limitations) were obtained on 6,891 participants in the Health and Retirement Study, a population-based survey of older Americans. The cross-sectional association between sense of control measures and each measure of self-reported health was tested in hierarchical logistic regression models, before and after adjustment for affect, personality, and social support.
Participants with higher personal mastery were less likely to report fair/poor health (odds ratio 0.76 per 1-point increase) while those with higher perceived constraints were more likely to report fair/poor health (odds ratio 1.37 per 1-point increase). Associations remained after adjustment for affect, but adjustment for affect attenuated the association of personal mastery by 37% and of perceived constraints by 67%. Further adjustment for personality and social support did not alter the strength of association. Findings were similar for the health-specific rating of control, and for associations with functional limitations.
Sense of control is associated with self-reported health in older Americans, but this association is partly confounded by affect.
控制感与改善健康结果有关，但尚不清楚这种关联是否独立于其他社会心理因素。
本研究旨在测试控制感与自我报告的健康之间的关联强度，调整积极和消极情绪、“大五”人格因素以及社会支持因素后。
在对 6891 名美国老年人健康与退休研究（一项基于人群的老年人调查）的参与者进行了控制感（通过个人掌握感、感知约束和健康特定控制感评分进行测量）、情绪、人格、社会支持以及两项自我报告的健康指标（总体健康评级为一般或较差和存在功能限制）的调查后，使用分层逻辑回归模型测试控制感测量值与每个自我报告健康指标之间的横断面关联。在调整情绪、人格和社会支持之前和之后，对关联进行了测试。
个人掌握感较高的参与者报告健康状况不佳（每增加 1 分的比值比为 0.76），而感知约束较高的参与者报告健康状况不佳的可能性更大（每增加 1 分的比值比为 1.37）。调整情绪后，关联仍然存在，但个人掌握感的关联减弱了 37%，感知约束的关联减弱了 67%。进一步调整人格和社会支持并未改变关联的强度。对于健康特定控制感评分以及与功能限制的关联，结果相似。
控制感与美国老年人的自我报告健康状况相关，但这种关联部分受到情绪的影响。
