Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Neurology. 2012 Jan 31;78(5):342-51. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182452862. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
Although incidence rates for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been reported, few studies were specifically designed to measure the incidence of MCI and its subtypes using published criteria. We estimated the incidence of amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) in men and women separately.
A population-based prospective cohort of Olmsted County, MN, residents ages 70-89 years on October 1, 2004, underwent baseline and 15-month interval evaluations that included the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, a neurologic evaluation, and neuropsychological testing. A panel of examiners blinded to previous diagnoses reviewed data at each serial evaluation to assess cognitive status according to published criteria.
Among 1,450 subjects who were cognitively normal at baseline, 296 developed MCI. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rate of MCI was 63.6 (per 1,000 person-years) overall, and was higher in men (72.4) than women (57.3) and for aMCI (37.7) than naMCI (14.7). The incidence rate of aMCI was higher for men (43.9) than women (33.3), and for subjects with ≤12 years of education (42.6) than higher education (32.5). The risk of naMCI was also higher for men (20.0) than women (10.9) and for subjects with ≤12 years of education (20.3) than higher education (10.2).
The incidence rates for MCI are substantial. Differences in incidence rates by clinical subtype and by sex suggest that risk factors for MCI should be investigated separately for aMCI and naMCI, and in men and women.
虽然已经报道了轻度认知障碍（MCI）的发病率，但很少有研究专门使用已发表的标准来测量 MCI 及其亚型的发病率。我们分别估计了男性和女性遗忘型 MCI（aMCI）和非遗忘型 MCI（naMCI）的发病率。
明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县的一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究，于 2004 年 10 月 1 日招募了年龄在 70-89 岁的居民，他们接受了基线和 15 个月间隔的评估，包括临床痴呆评定量表、神经学评估和神经心理学测试。一个由对以前诊断结果不知情的检查人员组成的小组在每次连续评估时审查数据，根据已发表的标准评估认知状态。
在基线时认知正常的 1450 名受试者中，有 296 名发展为 MCI。MCI 的年龄和性别标准化发病率为总体 63.6（每 1000 人年），男性（72.4）高于女性（57.3），aMCI（37.7）高于 naMCI（14.7）。男性（43.9）的 aMCI 发病率高于女性（33.3），受教育程度≤12 年的（42.6）高于受教育程度较高的（32.5）。男性（20.0）的 naMCI 风险也高于女性（10.9），受教育程度≤12 年的（20.3）高于受教育程度较高的（10.2）。
MCI 的发病率相当高。临床亚型和性别之间发病率差异表明，MCI 的危险因素应该分别针对 aMCI 和 naMCI 以及男性和女性进行调查。
