Benson J E, Allemann Y, Theintz G E, Howald H
Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Geneva.
Int J Sports Med. 1990 Aug;11(4):249-52. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024801.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of eating disorders (ED), calorie intake levels and body fat measures in Swiss female athletes. Thirty athletic and 34 non-athletic adolescent Swiss females were assessed for tendencies toward eating disorders and weight preoccupation using the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Calorie intakes were calculated from 7-day intake records. Body compositions were determined using skin-fold measures. The athletes were divided into two groups: Those whose activities emphasize leanness (12 gymnasts, means age = 12.5 +/- 1.1 yrs), and those whose activities do not emphasize leanness (18 swimmers, mean age = 12.8 +/- 0.9 yrs). The non-athletic school-girls (mean age = 13.4 +/- 1.2 yrs) served as controls. ANOVA indicated that the gymnasts had lower body fat levels (p less than 0.01) and consumed fewer total calories (p less than 0.05) than swimmers or controls, but all groups consumed similar calories per kg/body weight. Chi square analysis indicated that similar numbers of swimmers (11%), gymnasts (1%) and controls (6%) were exceptionally preoccupied with weight (p greater than 0.05). However, more swimmers (38%) scored high on the body dissatisfaction subscale of the EDI than the gymnasts (1%) or control (9%) (p less than 0.01). In fact, more swimmers scored high on 3 subscales of the EDI compared to the other groups (p less than 0.05). It appears that disturbances in eating behaviors are not limited to sports that emphasize leanness.
本研究的目的是调查瑞士女运动员饮食失调（ED）的发生率、卡路里摄入量水平和体脂测量情况。使用饮食失调量表（EDI）对30名从事运动的瑞士青少年女性和34名不从事运动的瑞士青少年女性进行饮食失调倾向和体重关注程度评估。根据7天的摄入量记录计算卡路里摄入量。使用皮褶测量法测定身体成分。运动员被分为两组：活动强调瘦的一组（12名体操运动员，平均年龄 = 12.5 ± 1.1岁），以及活动不强调瘦的一组（18名游泳运动员，平均年龄 = 12.8 ± 0.9岁）。不从事运动的女学生（平均年龄 = 13.4 ± 1.2岁）作为对照组。方差分析表明，与游泳运动员或对照组相比，体操运动员的体脂水平较低（p < 0.01），总卡路里摄入量较少（p < 0.05），但所有组每千克体重摄入的卡路里量相似。卡方分析表明，游泳运动员（11%）、体操运动员（1%）和对照组（6%）中特别关注体重的人数相似（p > 0.05）。然而，在EDI的身体不满分量表上得分高的游泳运动员（38%）比体操运动员（1%）或对照组（9%）更多（p < 0.01）。事实上，与其他组相比，更多游泳运动员在EDI的3个分量表上得分高（p < 0.05）。看来饮食行为紊乱并不局限于强调瘦的运动项目。
