Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Neurol Clin. 2012 Feb;30(1):11-41, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.09.005.
Seizures and status epilepticus are epilepsy emergencies with high morbidity and mortality. Early treatment is crucial, and the identification of an underlying etiology informs both continued treatment and prognosis. Many patients have underdiagnosed nonconvulsive seizures or nonconvulsive status epilepticus, particularly the comatose or critically ill. Timely EEG can be useful for diagnosis, management, optimizing treatment response, and determining prognosis in these patients. Refractory conditions can be quite complicated with limited evidence-based guidance, but treatment should not be restricted by nihilism even in the most prolonged cases, especially if there is not widespread irreversible brain injury.
癫痫发作和癫痫持续状态是具有高发病率和死亡率的癫痫急症。早期治疗至关重要，确定潜在病因不仅有助于确定进一步的治疗方案，也影响着预后。许多患者存在未被诊断的非惊厥性癫痫发作或非惊厥性癫痫持续状态，尤其是昏迷或病危的患者。及时进行脑电图检查有助于这些患者的诊断、治疗管理、优化治疗反应和判断预后。在治疗耐药的情况下，尽管缺乏基于证据的指导，但也不应持虚无主义态度，尤其是在没有广泛不可逆脑损伤的情况下，即使是在最持久的病例中也不应如此。
