Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
Horm Behav. 2012 Mar;61(3):380-91. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.008. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
A conceptual model detailing the process of bio-behavioral synchrony between the online physiological and behavioral responses of attachment partners during social contact is presented as a theoretical and empirical framework for the study of affiliative bonds. Guided by an ethological behavior-based approach, we suggest that micro-level social behaviors in the gaze, vocal, affective, and touch modalities are dynamically integrated with online physiological processes and hormonal response to create dyad-specific affiliations. Studies across multiple attachments throughout life are presented and demonstrate that the extended oxytocin (OT) system provides the neurohormonal substrate for parental, romantic, and filial attachment in humans; that the three prototypes of affiliation are expressed in similar constellations of social behavior; and that OT is stable over time within individuals, is mutually-influencing among partners, and that mechanisms of cross-generation and inter-couple transmission relate to coordinated social behavior. Research showing links between peripheral and genetic markers of OT with concurrent parenting and memories of parental care; between administration of OT to parent and infant's physiological readiness for social engagement; and between neuropeptides and the online synchrony of maternal and paternal brain response in social-cognitive and empathy networks support the hypothesis that human attachment develops within the matrix of biological attunement and close behavioral synchrony. The findings have conceptual implications for the study of inter-subjectivity as well as translational implications for the treatment of social disorders originating in early childhood, such as autism spectrum disorders, or those associated with disruptions to early bonding, such as postpartum depression or child abuse and neglect. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.
提出了一个详细描述依恋伴侣在社交接触期间在线生理和行为反应之间生物行为同步过程的概念模型，作为研究依恋关系的理论和经验框架。受基于行为的行为主义方法的指导，我们认为，注视、声音、情感和触觉模式中的微观社交行为与在线生理过程和激素反应动态整合，以创建对偶特定的联系。提出了跨越一生中多个依恋的研究，并证明扩展的催产素（OT）系统为人类的父母、浪漫和亲子依恋提供了神经激素基础；三种依恋原型以相似的社交行为模式表达；OT 在个体内部是稳定的，在伴侣之间是相互影响的，跨代和夫妻间的传递机制与协调的社交行为有关。研究表明，OT 的外周和遗传标记与同时的育儿和父母照顾的记忆之间存在联系；OT 对父母的管理和婴儿对社交参与的生理准备之间存在联系；神经肽与母婴大脑在社会认知和同理心网络中的在线同步之间存在联系，支持了人类依恋在生物协调和密切行为同步的矩阵中发展的假设。这些发现对主体间性研究具有概念意义，对治疗起源于儿童早期的社交障碍，如自闭症谱系障碍，或与早期依恋中断有关的障碍，如产后抑郁或儿童虐待和忽视，具有转化意义。本文是题为“催产素、血管加压素和社会行为”的特刊的一部分。
