Amiens, France From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, U-RISE (Unit of Research and Innovation for Surgical Expertise), Amiens Medical School, University of Picardie, and Department of Anatomy, University of Picardie.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):421-429. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31822b6771.
The facial artery perforator flap was developed to perform more accurate reconstruction of perioral and nasal alar defects. This technique allows tailor-made reconstruction and shifting from the traditional two-stage procedure to a one-stage technique. Cadaveric studies have described the number, location, and size of facial artery perforators. Understanding of the facial artery blood supply can be complete, however, only if the cutaneous supply of each perforator is known.
The authors performed 20 dissections of facial arteries on fresh cadavers. All facial artery perforators greater than 0.5 mm were dissected and the diameters measured. All perforators were selectively injected with 1 ml of diluted ink solution. All these results were statistically analyzed.
Twenty facial arteries were dissected, with a mean length of 12.06 cm. The average number of perforators greater than 0.5 mm per facial artery was 5.05. The mean diameter of the perforators was 0.96 mm. A total of 101 perforators were selectively injected, and the mean size of all injected skin areas was 8.05 cm. Seven main, reliable types of perforator territory were identified.
Facial artery perforators seem to be predominantly between 1 and 2 cm lateral to the level of the oral commissure. Seven main types of perforasomes have been identified and appear to be the basis for local flap design. This study improves our understanding of facial vascularization and will allow the face to give up the era of random flaps to take advantage of more accurate reconstructions from the rest of the body.
面动脉穿支皮瓣的发展是为了更精确地重建口周和鼻翼缺损。这项技术允许进行定制化的重建，并将传统的两阶段手术转变为一阶段技术。尸体研究已经描述了面动脉穿支的数量、位置和大小。然而，只有了解每个穿支的皮肤供应，才能对面动脉的血液供应有完整的理解。
作者在新鲜尸体上进行了 20 次面动脉解剖。所有大于 0.5 毫米的面动脉穿支均被解剖并测量其直径。所有穿支均被选择性地注入 1 毫升稀释的墨溶液。所有这些结果均进行了统计学分析。
共解剖了 20 条面动脉，平均长度为 12.06 厘米。每条面动脉大于 0.5 毫米的穿支平均数为 5.05。穿支的平均直径为 0.96 毫米。总共选择性地注入了 101 个穿支，所有注射皮肤区域的平均大小为 8.05 厘米。确定了 7 种主要的、可靠的穿支区域类型。
面动脉穿支似乎主要位于口裂水平外侧 1 至 2 厘米处。已经确定了 7 种主要的穿支体类型，它们似乎是局部皮瓣设计的基础。这项研究提高了我们对面部血管化的理解，并将使面部放弃随机皮瓣的时代，从而受益于来自身体其他部位的更精确的重建。
