Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Apr;102(4):856-73. doi: 10.1037/a0026803. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
Anusic, Schimmack, Pinkus, and Lockwood (2009) developed the halo-alpha-beta (HAB) model to separate halo variance from variance due to valid personality traits and other sources of measurement error in self-ratings of personality. The authors used a twin-HAB model of self-ratings and ratings of a partner (friend or dating partner) to test several hypotheses about culture, evaluative biases in self- and other-perceptions, and well-being. Participants were friends or dating partners who reported on their own and their partner's personality and well-being (N = 906 students). European Canadians had higher general evaluative biases (GEB) than Asian Canadians. There were no cultural differences in self-enhancement or other-enhancement. GEB significantly predicted self-ratings of life satisfaction, but not informant ratings of well-being. GEB fully mediated the effect of culture on self-ratings of life satisfaction. The results suggest that North American culture encourages positive biases in self- and other-perceptions. These biases also influence self-ratings of life satisfaction but have a much weaker effect on informant ratings of life satisfaction. The implications of these findings for cultural differences in well-being are discussed.
阿努西奇、施马卡克、平卡斯和洛克伍德（2009 年）开发了光环阿尔法贝塔（HAB）模型，以将光环方差与有效人格特质以及自我评估人格时的其他测量误差源的方差分离开来。作者使用自我评估和对伴侣（朋友或约会对象）的评估的双 HAB 模型，测试了关于文化、自我和他人感知中的评价偏差以及幸福感的几个假设。参与者是报告自己和伴侣的人格和幸福感的朋友或约会对象（N=906 名学生）。欧洲裔加拿大的普遍评价偏差（GEB）高于亚裔加拿大。自我增强和他人增强没有文化差异。GEB 显著预测了生活满意度的自我评估，但不预测幸福感的知情者评估。GEB 完全中介了文化对生活满意度自我评估的影响。结果表明，北美文化鼓励自我和他人感知中的积极偏差。这些偏差也会影响生活满意度的自我评估，但对幸福感的知情者评估的影响要小得多。讨论了这些发现对幸福感的文化差异的影响。
