Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Cancer J. 2012 Jan-Feb;18(1):51-8. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0b013e318243f785.
Standard approaches to therapy for malignant glioma provide modest improvement of progression-free survival and overall survival. Almost all patients experiencing glioblastoma eventually progress, and no cure is currently available. During the last decade, we have witnessed a 30% improvement in 2-year overall survival rates, yet glioblastoma continues to cause approximately 13,000 cancer-related deaths in the United States annually. Thus, novel therapies need to be investigated alongside continued development of currently available radiotherapy and chemotherapy options. Because glioblastoma does not typically metastasize outside the brain, development of unique local therapies that are not available for other cancers is feasible. Experimental agents, like scorpion venom-derived chlorotoxin, have been successfully applied in local therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, multiple new gene therapy approaches are emerging for both local and systemic glioblastoma therapy. Lastly, alternating electric fields are being introduced to cancer therapy. This review will discuss these "nonstandard"--outside the box--modalities for therapy for malignant glioma.
标准的恶性胶质瘤治疗方法只能适度改善无进展生存期和总生存期。几乎所有接受胶质母细胞瘤治疗的患者最终都会进展，目前尚无治愈方法。在过去的十年中，我们见证了 2 年总生存率提高了 30%，但胶质母细胞瘤仍每年导致美国约 13000 人因癌症死亡。因此，需要在继续开发现有放疗和化疗选择的同时，研究新的治疗方法。由于胶质母细胞瘤通常不会在大脑以外转移，因此开发针对其他癌症不可用的独特局部疗法是可行的。实验药物，如蝎毒衍生的氯毒素，已成功应用于胶质母细胞瘤的局部治疗。此外，针对局部和全身胶质母细胞瘤治疗的多种新的基因治疗方法正在涌现。最后，交变电场正在被引入癌症治疗中。本文将讨论这些针对恶性胶质瘤治疗的“非标准”--非常规--治疗方法。
