Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Apr;68(4):537-42. doi: 10.1002/ps.2285. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
Soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides can provide opportunities for long-term control of insect pests in vineyards, with minimal risk of pesticide drift or worker exposure. This study compared the effectiveness of neonicotinoid insecticides applied via irrigation injection on key early-season and mid-season insect pests of vineyards in the eastern United States.
On vines trained to grow on drip irrigation, early-season application of imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran provided high levels of control against the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae. Protection of vines against Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, and grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana, was also observed after mid-season applications. Efficacy was poor in commercial vineyards when treatments were applied to the soil before irrigation or rain, indicating that vines must be grown with an irrigation system for efficient uptake of the insecticide.
In drip-irrigated vineyards, soil-applied neonicotinoids can be used to provide long residual control of either early-season or mid- to late-season foliage pests of vineyards. This approach can reduce the dependence on foliar-applied insecticides, with associated benefits for non-target exposure to workers and natural enemies.
土壤施用以系统性新烟碱类杀虫剂可以为葡萄园长期防治虫害提供机会，而农药飘移或工人接触的风险最小。本研究比较了通过灌溉注射施用以新烟碱类杀虫剂防治美国东部葡萄园关键早季和中季虫害的效果。
在经过滴灌系统训练的葡萄藤上，早期应用吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫啉和呋虫胺对马铃薯叶蝉（Empoasca fabae）有很高的防治效果。在中期应用后，葡萄藤也能免受日本甲虫（Popillia japonica）和葡萄浆果蛾（Paralobesia viteana）的侵害。当在灌溉前或雨后将药剂施用于土壤时，在商业葡萄园中的效果很差，这表明为了有效地吸收杀虫剂，葡萄藤必须与灌溉系统一起种植。
在滴灌葡萄园里，土壤施用以新烟碱类杀虫剂可以为葡萄园早季或中季至晚季叶片害虫提供长期残留防治效果。这种方法可以减少对叶面施药的依赖，从而减少对工人和天敌的非靶标接触的风险。
