Huseth Anders S, Groves Russell L
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, United States of America.
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 May 13;9(5):e97081. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097081. eCollection 2014.
Since 1995, neonicotinoid insecticides have been a critical component of arthropod management in potato, Solanum tuberosum L. Recent detections of neonicotinoids in groundwater have generated questions about the sources of these contaminants and the relative contribution from commodities in U.S. agriculture. Delivery of neonicotinoids to crops typically occurs as a seed or in-furrow treatment to manage early season insect herbivores. Applied in this way, these insecticides become systemically mobile in the plant and provide control of key pest species. An outcome of this project links these soil insecticide application strategies in crop plants with neonicotinoid contamination of water leaching from the application zone. In 2011 and 2012, our objectives were to document the temporal patterns of neonicotinoid leachate below the planting furrow following common insecticide delivery methods in potato. Leaching loss of thiamethoxam from potato was measured using pan lysimeters from three at-plant treatments and one foliar application treatment. Insecticide concentration in leachate was assessed for six consecutive months using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Findings from this study suggest leaching of neonicotinoids from potato may be greater following crop harvest in comparison to other times during the growing season. Furthermore, this study documented recycling of neonicotinoid insecticides from contaminated groundwater back onto the crop via high capacity irrigation wells. These results document interactions between cultivated potato, different neonicotinoid delivery methods, and the potential for subsurface water contamination via leaching.
自1995年以来，新烟碱类杀虫剂一直是马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）节肢动物管理的关键组成部分。最近在地下水中检测到新烟碱类物质，引发了关于这些污染物来源以及美国农业商品相对贡献的问题。新烟碱类杀虫剂通常作为种子处理剂或沟施处理剂施用于作物，以防治早期食草昆虫。以这种方式施用时，这些杀虫剂在植物体内具有系统移动性，并能控制主要害虫种类。该项目的一个成果是将作物中这些土壤杀虫剂施用策略与从施药区淋溶出的新烟碱类物质对水的污染联系起来。在2011年和2012年，我们的目标是记录在马铃薯中采用常见杀虫剂施药方法后，种植沟下方新烟碱类渗滤液的时间模式。使用来自三种种植时处理和一种叶面喷施处理的平底渗透仪测量了马铃薯中噻虫嗪的淋溶损失。使用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法连续六个月评估渗滤液中的杀虫剂浓度。这项研究的结果表明，与生长季节的其他时间相比，马铃薯收获后新烟碱类物质的淋溶可能更大。此外，这项研究记录了新烟碱类杀虫剂从受污染的地下水通过高容量灌溉井重新回到作物上的情况。这些结果记录了栽培马铃薯、不同新烟碱类施药方法之间的相互作用以及通过淋溶造成地下水污染的可能性。
