Opare-Addo P M, Stowe M, Ankobea-Kokroe F, Zheng T
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012 Feb;32(2):159-65. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2011.638092.
To determine menarcheal and pubertal ages and possible factors responsible for current pubertal trends in Kumasi, Ghana, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 720 urban and rural Kumasi 7-17-year-old schoolgirls and their mothers in 2008. Heights and weights were measured and additional information obtained by survey. Mantel-Haenzsel, χ(2), ordered logistic regression and probit analyses were used to analyse the data collected. With 40.42% menarcheal prevalence, median menarcheal ages were significantly different: 12.37 ± 1.48 years urban and 13.41 ± 2.25 years rural; 12.89 ± 1.93 years, overall. Obesity (OR = 2.57; p = 0.033) and high socioeconomic status (OR = 2.12; p = 0.008) were predictors of early menarche, while a younger mother was protective against early menarche (OR = 0.32; p = 0.039). Age at menarche among Kumasi schoolgirls has dropped 0.76 years since it was last determined among similarly aged girls in 1986, declining at a rate of about 0.32 years/decade. The predicting factors provide an important opportunity for intervention through school curricula and targeted education of adolescents.
为了确定加纳库马西地区的月经初潮年龄、青春期年龄以及当前青春期发育趋势的可能影响因素，2008年对库马西720名7至17岁的城乡在校女生及其母亲进行了一项横断面研究。测量了身高和体重，并通过调查获取了其他信息。采用Mantel-Haenzsel检验、χ²检验、有序逻辑回归和概率分析对收集的数据进行分析。月经初潮患病率为40.42%，月经初潮的中位数年龄存在显著差异：城市为12.37±1.48岁，农村为13.41±2.25岁；总体为12.89±1.93岁。肥胖（OR=2.57；p=0.033）和高社会经济地位（OR=2.12；p=0.008）是月经初潮提前的预测因素，而母亲年龄较小则可预防月经初潮提前（OR=0.32；p=0.039）。自1986年上次对类似年龄女孩进行测定以来，库马西在校女生的月经初潮年龄下降了0.76岁，下降速度约为每十年0.32岁。这些预测因素为通过学校课程和针对青少年的定向教育进行干预提供了重要机会。
