Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Adana, Turkey.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2012 Aug;38(3):191-202. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2011.645520. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
Id reactions are a type of secondary inflammatory reaction that develops from a remote localized immunological insult. To date, id reactions caused by various fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections have been reported. Superficial fungal infections, especially tinea pedis, are the most common cause of id reactions. Id reactions exhibit multiple clinical presentations, including localized or widespread vesicular lesions, maculopapular or scarlatiniform eruptions, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, erythema annulare centrifugum, Sweet's syndrome, guttate psoriasis, and autoimmune bullous disease. The mechanisms underlying id reactions vary depending on the type of clinical presentation. The most important aspect of therapy involves the identification and adequate treatment of the underlying infection or dermatitis. This review comprehensively discusses the current state of the field concerning cutaneous id reactions, including diagnostic criteria, clinical presentations, underlying infectious conditions, etiologic agents, immunologic characteristics, histopathologic findings, and management strategies.
自身免疫反应是一种由远程局部免疫损伤引起的继发性炎症反应。迄今为止，已经报道了各种真菌、细菌、病毒和寄生虫感染引起的自身免疫反应。浅部真菌感染，尤其是足癣，是自身免疫反应最常见的原因。自身免疫反应表现出多种临床表现，包括局部或广泛的水疱性病变、斑丘疹或猩红热样疹、结节性红斑、多形红斑、离心性环状红斑、Sweet 综合征、点滴状银屑病和自身免疫性大疱性疾病。自身免疫反应的机制因临床表现的类型而异。治疗的最重要方面包括确定和充分治疗潜在的感染或皮炎。这篇综述全面讨论了皮肤自身免疫反应领域的现状，包括诊断标准、临床表现、潜在感染情况、病原体、免疫学特征、组织病理学发现和治疗策略。
