Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Physics Department, Nuclear Physics & Elementary Particle Physics Division, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:119-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.006. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
The radionuclides (131)I, (137)Cs and (134)Cs were observed in the Milano region (45°) of Italy early after the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan. Increased atmospheric radioactivity was observed on an air filter taken on 30 March 2011, while the maximum activity of 467 μBq m(-3) for (131)I was recorded at April 3-4, 2011. The first evidence of Fukushima fallout was confirmed with (131)I and (137)Cs measured in precipitation at two sampling sites at Milano on 28 March, 2011, with the concentrations of (131)I and (137)Cs in the rainwater equal to 0.89 Bq L(-1) and 0.12 Bq L(-1), respectively. A sample of dry deposition that was collected 9 days after the first rainfall event of 27-28 March, 2011 showed that the dry deposition was more effective in the case of (137)Cs than it was for (131)I, probably because iodine was mainly in gaseous form whereas caesium was rapidly bound to aerosols and thus highly subject to dry deposition. The relatively high observed values of (137)Cs in grass, soil and fresh goat and cow milk samples were probably from Chernobyl fallout and global fallout from past nuclear tests rather than from the Fukushima accident. Finally, a dose assessment for the region of investigation showed clearly that the detected activities in all environmental samples were very far below levels of concern.
碘-131、铯-137 和铯-134 等放射性核素于日本福岛核事故发生后不久即在意大利米兰地区（45°）被观测到。2011 年 3 月 30 日采集的空气过滤器上观测到大气放射性增强，而 2011 年 4 月 3 日至 4 日记录到碘-131 的最大活度为 467 μBq m(-3)。2011 年 3 月 28 日，在米兰的两个采样点对降水进行了测量，首次证实了福岛沉降物中含有碘-131 和铯-137，雨水样本中碘-131 和铯-137 的浓度分别为 0.89 Bq L(-1)和 0.12 Bq L(-1)。2011 年 3 月 27 日至 28 日第一次降雨事件发生 9 天后采集的干沉降样本表明，与碘-131 相比，铯-137 的干沉降更为有效，这可能是因为碘主要以气态形式存在，而铯则迅速与气溶胶结合，因此极易发生干沉降。草、土壤以及新鲜山羊和牛奶样本中铯-137 的相对高观测值可能来自切尔诺贝利沉降物以及过去核试验的全球沉降物，而非福岛核事故。最后，对调查区域进行的剂量评估清楚地表明，所有环境样本中检测到的放射性活度都远低于关注水平。
