Dowrick Adam S, Tornetta Paul, Obremskey William T, Dirschl Douglas R, Bhandari Mohit
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Instr Course Lect. 2012;61:581-6.
Inherent to understanding an orthopaedic study is a fundamental knowledge of the study's design principles and statistics. Statistics, in part, allow a researcher to sample a portion of the population and use probability to decide whether the findings from the sample are likely to apply to the whole population. Although statistical jargon can be confusing, several simple principles guide the approach to research design. It is helpful for orthopaedic surgeons to review different study designs and their levels of evidence, to understand statistical jargon and the selection of the statistical test that is appropriate for given types of data, and to be familiar with the process of sample size calculations. Knowledge gained from statistical principles and research design is used to interpret study results. Such knowledge is invaluable for judging the value of new clinical evidence and for designing future studies.
理解骨科研究的内在要求是掌握该研究的设计原则和统计学基础知识。统计学在一定程度上使研究人员能够对一部分人群进行抽样，并利用概率来判断样本的研究结果是否可能适用于整个人群。尽管统计学术语可能令人困惑，但有几个简单的原则指导研究设计方法。对于骨科医生来说，回顾不同的研究设计及其证据水平、理解统计学术语以及选择适用于特定类型数据的统计检验，并熟悉样本量计算过程是很有帮助的。从统计原则和研究设计中获得的知识用于解释研究结果。这些知识对于判断新临床证据的价值以及设计未来研究非常宝贵。
