Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2012 Jan;19(1):27-33. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2012.01.004.
Nephrologists rely on valid clinical studies to inform their health care decisions. Knowledge of simple statistical principles equips the prudent nephrologist with the skills that allow him or her to critically evaluate clinical studies and to determine the validity of the results. Important in this process is knowing when certain statistical tests are used appropriately and if their application in interpreting research data will most likely lead to the most robust or valid conclusions. The research team bears the responsibility for determining the statistical analysis during the design phase of the study and subsequently for carrying out the appropriate analysis. This will ensure that bias is minimized and "valid" results are reported. We have summarized the important caveats and components in correctly choosing a statistical test with a series of tables. With this format, we wish to provide a tool for the nephrologist/researcher that he or she can use when required to decide if an appropriate statistical analysis plan was implemented for any particular study. We have included in these tables the types of statistical tests that might be used best for analysis of different types of comparisons on small and on larger patient samples.
肾病学家依靠有效的临床研究来为他们的医疗决策提供信息。了解简单的统计原则可以使谨慎的肾病学家具备批判性评估临床研究和确定结果有效性的技能。在这个过程中，重要的是要知道何时使用某些统计检验，以及它们在解释研究数据中的应用是否最有可能得出最稳健或最有效的结论。研究团队在研究设计阶段负责确定统计分析，随后负责进行适当的分析。这将确保最小化偏差并报告“有效”结果。我们总结了正确选择统计检验的重要注意事项和组成部分，并通过一系列表格进行了说明。通过这种格式，我们希望为肾病学家/研究人员提供一个工具，以便在需要时决定是否为任何特定研究实施了适当的统计分析计划。我们在这些表格中包含了可能最适合分析不同类型的比较的统计检验类型，包括小样本和大样本患者。
