The School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Child Dev. 2012 Mar-Apr;83(2):469-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01728.x. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
Children aged 3-12 years (n = 184) with typical development, deafness, autism, or Asperger syndrome took a series of theory-of-mind (ToM) tasks to confirm and extend previous developmental scaling evidence. A new sarcasm task, in the format of H. M. Wellman and D. Liu's (2004) 5-step ToM Scale, added a statistically reliable 6th step to the scale for all diagnostic groups. A key previous finding, divergence in task sequencing for children with autism, was confirmed. Comparisons among diagnostic groups, controlling age, and language ability, showed that typical developers mastered the 6 ToM steps ahead of each of the 3 disabled groups, with implications for ToM theories. The final (sarcasm) task challenged even nondisabled 9-year-olds, demonstrating the new scale's sensitivity to post-preschool ToM growth.
年龄在 3-12 岁之间的正常发育儿童、聋童、自闭症儿童或阿斯伯格综合征儿童（n=184）参加了一系列心理理论（ToM）任务，以证实和扩展之前的发展规模证据。一个新的讽刺任务，采用 H. M. Wellman 和 D. Liu（2004）的 5 步 ToM 量表的格式，为所有诊断组在量表中增加了一个统计上可靠的第 6 步。一个关键的先前发现，自闭症儿童在任务序列上的差异，得到了证实。在控制年龄和语言能力的情况下，对不同诊断组进行比较，结果表明，典型的发育者掌握了 6 个 ToM 步骤，领先于 3 个残疾组中的每一个，这对 ToM 理论有影响。最后一个（讽刺）任务甚至挑战了非残疾的 9 岁儿童，证明了新量表对学前 ToM 发展的敏感性。
