Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 101 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9LJ, UK.
Appetite. 2012 Jun;58(3):781-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.020. Epub 2012 Jan 28.
Evidence linking food restriction and food craving is equivocal. This study investigated whether dieting was associated with a greater frequency of food craving. Dieting to lose weight was distinguished from watching so as not to gain weight. Participants were 129 women (mean age=41 yrs): 52 were currently dieting to lose weight, 40 were watching their weight, and 37 were non-dieters. They completed a food craving record after every food craving, a food diary, and a daily mood assessment over 7-days. Of the 393 craving incidents recorded, dieters experienced significantly more food cravings than non-dieters, with watchers intermediate. Chocolate was the most craved food (37% of cravings) but neither the types of food, the proportion of cravings leading to eating (∼70%), the situations in which cravings occurred, nor the time since the last eating episode differed between groups. Compared with non-dieters, dieters experienced stronger cravings that were more difficult to resist, and for foods they were restricting eating. Watchers showed similarities in experience both to dieters (low hunger) and non-dieters (lower craving intensity). These results support an association between dieting and food craving, the usefulness of distinguishing dieting to lose weight and watching, and suggest a need for further experimental investigation of actual food restriction on food craving experiences.
将食物限制与食物渴望联系起来的证据尚无定论。本研究调查了节食是否与更高频率的食物渴望有关。为了减肥而节食与为了避免体重增加而节制饮食有所区别。参与者为 129 名女性（平均年龄=41 岁）：52 人目前正在节食减肥，40 人在控制体重，37 人不节食。她们在每一次有食物渴望之后完成一份食物渴望记录、一份食物日记和一份为期 7 天的日常情绪评估。在记录的 393 次渴望事件中，节食者的食物渴望明显多于非节食者，节制饮食者居中。巧克力是最渴望的食物（占 37%的渴望），但无论是食物类型、导致进食的渴望比例（约 70%）、发生渴望的情况，还是上次进食后的时间，各组之间都没有差异。与非节食者相比，节食者的渴望更强烈，更难抵制，而且渴望的是他们正在限制食用的食物。节制饮食者的体验与节食者（低饥饿感）和非节食者（渴望强度较低）都有相似之处。这些结果支持了节食与食物渴望之间的关联，区分减肥节食和节制饮食的有用性，并表明有必要进一步实验研究实际食物限制对食物渴望体验的影响。
