Hill A J, Weaver C F, Blundell J E
Department of Psychiatry, Leeds University, U.K.
Appetite. 1991 Dec;17(3):187-97. doi: 10.1016/0195-6663(91)90021-j.
A common assumption is that dieting causes food cravings, probably as a result of food energy deprivation. This issue was investigated in a two-phase study. In phase one, 206 women completed the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and a food craving scale. A correlational analysis showed food craving to be only weakly related to dietary restraint, but highly and significantly correlated with external eating, emotional eating and susceptibility to hunger. In phase two, ten women who regularly experienced food cravings and ten who rarely craved food kept prospective records of their food intake, daily mood and food craving episodes. There were few differences in eating behaviour, although the cravers tended to consume slightly more daily energy than the non-cravers. The cravers had higher ratings of boredom and anxiety during the day, and dysphoric mood was prominent prior to the cravings themselves. Food deprivation does not appear to be a necessary condition for food cravings to occur. Rather, food cravings are closely associated with mood, in particular as an antecedent to craving and also as a consequence of craving.
一种常见的假设是节食会导致对食物的渴望，这可能是食物能量匮乏的结果。这个问题在一项分两阶段的研究中进行了调查。在第一阶段，206名女性完成了荷兰饮食行为问卷、三因素饮食问卷和食物渴望量表。相关分析表明，食物渴望与饮食限制的关系较弱，但与外在饮食、情绪化饮食和饥饿易感性高度且显著相关。在第二阶段，10名经常经历食物渴望的女性和10名很少渴望食物的女性对她们的食物摄入量、日常情绪和食物渴望发作进行了前瞻性记录。饮食行为方面几乎没有差异，尽管渴望者每天摄入的能量往往比非渴望者略多。渴望者在白天的无聊和焦虑评分较高，在渴望发作之前烦躁情绪较为突出。食物匮乏似乎不是食物渴望发生的必要条件。相反，食物渴望与情绪密切相关，特别是作为渴望的先兆以及渴望的结果。
