Valenzuela Landaeta Karen, Atalah Samur Eduardo
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2011 Jun;61(2):111-9.
Currently, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. High blood pressure is one of the main risk factors for the development of CVD and blood pressure levels are strongly associated with salt intake. Worldwide, salt consumptions accounts more than two fold the recommended daily intake, which has been described to be associated with CVD and some cancers. Benefits of decrease salt intake (reduction of morbidity, mortality and health related costs) have promoted several public health strategies to reduce salt consumption globally. Among the most commonly used strategies include educational campaigns and the gradual decrease of added salt in processed foods. Chile has joined these initiatives with an agreement between the producers of bread and the Ministry of Health to gradually decrease the concentration of salt in bread nationwide. The purpose of this review is to provide updated information regarding recommended intakes of salt, real intake, adverse effects of excess consumption, profits attributable to a decline and analyze the global strategies to reduce salt intake in the population.
目前，心血管疾病是全球主要的死亡原因。高血压是心血管疾病发展的主要风险因素之一，血压水平与盐摄入量密切相关。在全球范围内，盐的消费量超过推荐每日摄入量的两倍多，这被认为与心血管疾病和某些癌症有关。减少盐摄入量的益处（降低发病率、死亡率和与健康相关的成本）推动了多项全球减少盐消费的公共卫生策略。最常用的策略包括开展教育活动以及逐步减少加工食品中的添加盐量。智利通过面包生产商与卫生部之间的一项协议加入了这些举措，以在全国范围内逐步降低面包中的盐浓度。本综述的目的是提供有关盐的推荐摄入量、实际摄入量、过量摄入的不良影响、盐摄入量下降带来的益处的最新信息，并分析全球减少人群盐摄入量的策略。
