Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 89154-5030, USA.
Emotion. 2012 Aug;12(4):763-77. doi: 10.1037/a0026905. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
Our understanding of emotion cannot be complete without an understanding of feelings, the experiential aspect of emotion. Despite their importance, little effort has been devoted to the careful apprehension of feelings. Based on our apprehension of many randomly selected moments of pristine inner experience, we present a preliminary phenomenology of feelings. We begin by observing that often feelings occur as directly experienced phenomena of awareness; however, often no feelings are present in experience, or if they are present, they are too faint to be observed by a process intended to observe them. Feelings range from vague to distinct and sometimes do, but other times do not, include bodily sensations. When bodily sensations are present, there is a wide range of clarity and location of these sensations. Sometimes people experience multiple distinct feelings and sometimes people experience one feeling that is a mix or blend of different feelings. We also discuss what feelings are not, including instances when feelings do not appear to be present, despite evidence suggesting the presence of underlying emotional processes (e.g., behavioral evidence of emotion). These instances of emotion but not feeling lead us to speculate that experiencing feelings is a skill developed over time through an interaction of interpersonal and intrapersonal events.
如果不了解情感的体验方面——感觉，我们对情感的理解就不完整。尽管感觉很重要，但很少有人关注对其进行仔细的理解。基于对大量随机选择的原始内在体验时刻的理解，我们呈现了感觉的初步现象学。我们首先观察到，情感通常作为意识的直接体验现象出现；然而，在很多情况下，体验中没有感觉，或者即使有感觉，也太微弱，无法通过旨在观察感觉的过程观察到。感觉的范围从模糊到清晰，有时包括身体感觉，有时则没有。当身体感觉存在时，这些感觉的清晰度和位置有很大的差异。有时人们会体验到多种不同的感觉，有时人们会体验到一种混合或融合了不同感觉的感觉。我们还讨论了感觉不是什么，包括有时感觉似乎不存在的情况，尽管有证据表明存在潜在的情感过程（例如，情感的行为证据）。这些没有感觉的情感实例使我们推测，体验感觉是一种随着时间的推移通过人际和内在事件的相互作用而发展起来的技能。
