Lapping-Carr Leiszle R, Heavey Christopher L
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
Front Psychol. 2017 Dec 12;8:2170. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02170. eCollection 2017.
Pristine inner experience is that which is directly present in awareness before it is distorted by attempts at observation or interpretation. Many psychological methods, including most introspective methods, attempt to measure some aspect of pristine inner experience (thoughts, feelings, mental imagery, sensations, etc.). We believe, however, that these methods produce unspecifiable combinations of pristine inner experience, beliefs about the self, beliefs about what inner experience should be like, inaccurate recollections, miscommunications, and other confounding influences. We argue that descriptive experience sampling (DES) can produce high fidelity descriptions of pristine inner experience. These descriptions are used to create idiographic profiles, carefully crafted, in-depth characterizations of the pristine inner experience of individuals. We believe these profiles, because they are built from moments apprehended via a method that confronts the challenges inherent in examining inner experience, are uniquely valuable in advancing the science of inner experience and psychology broadly. For example, DES observations raise important questions about the veracity of results gathered via questionnaires and other introspective methods, like casual introspection. DES findings also provide high fidelity phenomenological data that can be useful for those developing psychological theories, such as theories of emotional processing. Additionally, DES procedures may allow clinicians and clients to practice valuable skills, like bracketing presuppositions and attending to internal experiences. This paper will describe difficulties inherent in the study of pristine inner experience and discuss implications of high fidelity descriptions of pristine inner experience for psychological research, theory development, and clinical practice.
纯粹的内心体验是指在被观察或解释的尝试扭曲之前直接呈现在意识中的体验。许多心理学方法，包括大多数内省方法，都试图测量纯粹内心体验的某些方面（思想、情感、心理意象、感觉等）。然而，我们认为这些方法产生的是纯粹内心体验、关于自我的信念、关于内心体验应该是怎样的信念、不准确的回忆、错误沟通以及其他混淆影响的无法明确的组合。我们认为描述性体验抽样（DES）能够产生对纯粹内心体验的高保真描述。这些描述被用于创建独特的个人档案，即对个体纯粹内心体验进行精心构建、深入细致的刻画。我们相信这些档案，因为它们是基于通过一种直面审视内心体验所固有的挑战的方法所捕捉到的瞬间构建而成的，对于广泛推进内心体验科学和心理学具有独特的价值。例如，DES观察引发了关于通过问卷调查和其他内省方法（如随意内省）收集的结果的准确性的重要问题。DES的研究结果还提供了高保真的现象学数据，这对于那些发展心理学理论（如情绪加工理论）的人可能是有用的。此外，DES程序可能使临床医生和患者能够练习一些有价值的技能，如搁置预设并关注内部体验。本文将描述研究纯粹内心体验所固有的困难，并讨论对纯粹内心体验的高保真描述对心理学研究、理论发展和临床实践的影响。
