Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2012 Apr;46(2):209-17. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102012005000006. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
To estimate the externalities associated with acute poisoning from pesticides.
The probabilities of acute poisoning were estimated according to characteristics of rural properties and cities in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Information about acute poisoning obtained from the 1998-1999 Harvest Forecast Survey was used. The expected costs with poisoning in these properties were calculated from the sum of medical-hospital expenses and days spent on sick leaves, required for the recovery of intoxicated individuals. A multilevel model was constructed for the analysis.
The costs associated with acute poisoning can total up to US$ 149 million for the state of Paraná, i.e. for each dollar spent to purchase pesticides in this state, approximately US$ 1.28 may be spent with the external costs of poisoning. This situation could be changed with the implementation of public policies, such as the adoption of an organic agriculture promotion program in the cities where the social cost with acute poisoning could be reduced by approximately US$ 25 million.
Society, especially the populations mainly affected by pesticides, could be benefited by the identification and elimination of the risks of acute intoxication associated with the current model. It is necessary to implement public policies and integrated actions that involve the fields of economics, public health, agronomy, environmental issues, education, and science and technology, among others.
评估与农药急性中毒相关的外部性。
根据巴西南里奥格兰德州农村和城市的特点，估计急性中毒的概率。使用 1998-1999 年收获预测调查中获得的急性中毒信息。通过将医疗-住院费用和因中毒而休病假的天数相加，计算这些房产中因中毒而产生的预期费用，以此作为计算依据。为分析目的构建了一个多层次模型。
南里奥格兰德州因急性中毒造成的总成本可能高达 1.49 亿美元，即该州每花费 1 美元购买农药，就可能花费 1.28 美元用于支付中毒的外部成本。这种情况可以通过实施公共政策来改变，例如在急性中毒社会成本可能减少约 2500 万美元的城市推广有机农业计划。
社会，特别是受农药影响最大的人群，可以从当前模式中识别和消除与急性中毒相关的风险中受益。有必要实施公共政策和综合行动，涉及经济学、公共卫生、农业、环境问题、教育以及科学和技术等领域。
