Sacco W P, Dunn V K
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620-8200.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Sep;59(3):517-24. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.59.3.517.
This experiment examined whether others explain the successes and failures of depressed versus nondepressed people differently and how these attributions are related to affective and behavioral reactions to a request for psychological help. Ss reported attributions about the success and failure experiences of hypothetical depressed and nondepressed people. Ss also responded to a hypothetical request for psychological help by indicating their attributions, affective reactions, willingness to help, and desire for future social contact. As hypothesized, Ss displayed more negative attributions toward depressed people. Replicating prior research, Ss responded to the depressive's request for help with mixed emotional and behavioral reactions. Path analyses revealed that attributions influenced affective reactions, which influenced willingness to help; but a more complex pattern emerged from the analysis of desire for future social contact. Results are discussed in terms of the interpersonal impact and possible causes of negative attributions about the experiences of depressed people.
本实验考察了他人对抑郁者和非抑郁者的成功与失败的解释是否存在差异，以及这些归因如何与对心理帮助请求的情感和行为反应相关。被试报告了对假设的抑郁者和非抑郁者成功与失败经历的归因。被试还对一个假设的心理帮助请求做出反应，表明他们的归因、情感反应、帮助意愿以及对未来社交接触的渴望。正如所假设的那样，被试对抑郁者表现出更多负面归因。重复先前的研究，被试对抑郁者的帮助请求表现出混合的情感和行为反应。路径分析表明，归因影响情感反应，情感反应又影响帮助意愿；但对未来社交接触渴望的分析呈现出更复杂的模式。我们从人际影响以及对抑郁者经历负面归因的可能原因方面对结果进行了讨论。
