Zabłocka-Słowińska Katarzyna, Limburska Joanna, Prescha Anna, Pieczyńska Joanna, Tomczyk Jarosław, Grajeta Halina
Akademia Medyczna, Wroclaw.
Med Pr. 2011;62(6):583-90.
Occupational exposure of workers to mechanical hand transmitted vibrations may result in the development of nonspecific lesions. Balanced diet is one of factors that protect human organism against abnormalities resulting from occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the supply of energy and macronutrients in daily food rations (DFR) of people exposed to hand transmitted vibration.
Eighty workers, including 37 men (mean age 44.6 years) and 43 women (mean age 44 years) exposed to hand transmitted vibrations were recruited in this study. Of those, 72 people worked in crystal glassworks as glass cutters, 5 people were physiotherapists and 3 were woodcutters. For all workers, there was measured exposure to hand transmitted vibration. Nutritional status was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall; the procedure was repeated 3 times. The results of the nutritional assessment were compared with recommended daily allowances (RDA) for energy, protein, minerals and vitamins, total carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol and dietary fibre.
The average intake of energy in daily food rations of the women was too low while men received the appropriate amount of energy. Average protein intake by men and women was higher than the relevant RDA. The average amount of carbohydrates received by the surveyed women and men were too low, just as the consumption of PUFA, dietary fibre, potassium and calcium. We also found an excessive, average supply of total fat, MUFA, SFA, cholesterol and most of the vitamins with the DFR of the women and men.
The nutrition in the group of workers exposed to hand transmitted vibration was found to be imbalanced due to excessive intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol combined with insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, dietary fibres, potassium and calcium. The co-occurrence of vibration and imbalanced diet may increase the susceptibility of the subjects to cardiovascular and bone diseases.
工人职业性接触机械手部传递的振动可能导致非特异性病变的发生。均衡饮食是保护人体免受职业暴露所致异常影响的因素之一。本研究的目的是评估接触手部传递振动的人群日常食物定量（DFR）中的能量和常量营养素供应情况。
本研究招募了80名接触手部传递振动的工人，其中包括37名男性（平均年龄44.6岁）和43名女性（平均年龄44岁）。其中，72人在水晶玻璃厂担任玻璃切割工，5人是物理治疗师，3人是伐木工。对所有工人的手部传递振动暴露情况进行了测量。使用24小时饮食回顾法评估营养状况；该过程重复3次。将营养评估结果与能量、蛋白质、矿物质和维生素、总碳水化合物、总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、胆固醇和膳食纤维的推荐每日摄入量（RDA）进行比较。
女性日常食物定量中的能量平均摄入量过低，而男性摄入的能量适量。男性和女性的蛋白质平均摄入量均高于相关的RDA。被调查的女性和男性摄入的碳水化合物平均量过低，PUFA、膳食纤维、钾和钙的摄入量也同样过低。我们还发现，女性和男性的DFR中总脂肪、MUFA、SFA、胆固醇和大多数维生素的平均供应量过多。
由于总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇摄入过多，同时碳水化合物、膳食纤维、钾和钙的摄入量不足，发现接触手部传递振动的工人群体营养不均衡。振动和不均衡饮食的共同存在可能会增加受试者患心血管疾病和骨骼疾病的易感性。
