Swiatkowska Beata
Instytut Medycyny Pracy, Łódź Zakład Epidemiologii Srodowiskowej.
Med Pr. 2011;62(6):659-65.
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men, although the alarming statistics of recent years indicate that this pathology affects also more likely a group of women and in recent years has become the leading cause of cancer deaths among Polish women. This article presents the main issues relating to occupational determinants of lung cancer in women. The results of the analysis show that the number of neoplastic diseases, including the lung cancer, recognized as an occupational disease in Poland is low, particularly among women. A major factor hampering the certification of occupational etiology of lung cancer is a long latency period, no differences in terms of the clinical and morphological characteristics from lung cancer occurring in the general population, and relatively small number of identified occupational carcinogens. Analysis of the available literature on the adverse workplace conditions shows that only a few epidemiological studies focus on the problem of job-related risk among women, and only some of them provide detailed results for lung cancer. Moreover, the abundant literature on the subject concerning the male workers might not be fully relevant because of possible differences in hormonal, genetic and other gender-related biological differences that may significantly modify the risk of cancer in women. These aspects cause that the true contribution of occupational factors to the risk of lung cancer, particularly in women, is underestimated.
肺癌是男性中最常见的癌症，不过近年来令人担忧的统计数据表明，这种病症也更有可能影响女性群体，并且近年来已成为波兰女性癌症死亡的主要原因。本文介绍了与女性肺癌职业决定因素相关的主要问题。分析结果显示，在波兰，包括肺癌在内被认定为职业病的肿瘤疾病数量较少，尤其是在女性中。阻碍肺癌职业病因认证的一个主要因素是潜伏期长、与普通人群中发生的肺癌在临床和形态特征方面没有差异，以及已确定的职业致癌物数量相对较少。对有关不良工作场所条件的现有文献进行分析表明，只有少数流行病学研究关注女性与工作相关的风险问题，而且其中只有一些研究提供了肺癌的详细结果。此外，关于男性工人的大量相关文献可能并不完全适用，因为在激素、基因及其他与性别相关的生物学差异方面可能存在不同，这些差异可能会显著改变女性患癌风险。这些因素导致职业因素对肺癌风险的真正影响，尤其是对女性肺癌风险的影响，被低估了。
