The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2011 Feb;54(2):102-17. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20905. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in US women, accounting for 72,130 deaths in 2006. In addition to smoking cessation, further reduction of the burden of lung cancer mortality can be made by preventing exposure to occupational lung carcinogens. Data for occupational exposures and health outcomes of US working women are limited.
Population-based mortality data for 4,570,711 women who died between 1984 and 1998 in 27 US States were used to evaluate lung cancer proportionate mortality over time by the usual occupation and industry reported on death certificates. Lung cancer proportionate mortality ratios were adjusted for smoking, using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II.
Analyses revealed that 194,382 white, 18,225 Black and 1,515 Hispanic women died 1984-1998 with lung cancer reported as the underlying cause of death. Following adjustment for smoking, significant excess proportionate lung cancer mortality was observed among US women working in the US manufacturing; transportation; retail trade; agriculture, forestry, and fishing; and nursing/personal care industries. Women employed in precision production, technical, managerial, professional specialty, and administrative occupations experienced some of the highest significantly excess proportionate lung cancer mortality during 1984-1998.
The results of our study point to significantly elevated risks for lung cancer after adjustment for smoking among women in several occupations and industries. Because 6-17% of lung cancer in US males is attributable to known exposures to occupational carcinogens, and since synergistic interactions between cigarette smoke and other occupational lung carcinogens have been noted, it is important to continue research into the effects of occupational exposures on working men and women.
肺癌是美国女性癌症死亡的主要原因，2006 年有 72,130 人因此死亡。除了戒烟之外，通过避免接触职业性肺癌致癌物也可以进一步降低肺癌死亡率。目前美国职业女性的职业暴露和健康结果数据有限。
利用美国 27 个州 1984 年至 1998 年间 4,570,711 名女性死亡的人群死亡率数据，根据死亡证明中报告的通常职业和行业，评估随时间推移肺癌的比例死亡率。使用来自国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）和美国癌症协会癌症预防研究 II 的吸烟数据，对肺癌的比例死亡率进行了调整。
分析表明，194,382 名白人、18,225 名黑人、1,515 名西班牙裔女性于 1984-1998 年死于肺癌，肺癌被报告为死亡的根本原因。调整吸烟因素后，在美国制造业、运输业、零售业、农业、林业和渔业以及护理/个人护理行业工作的美国女性中，肺癌的比例死亡率显著偏高。在精密生产、技术、管理、专业和行政职业中就业的女性在 1984-1998 年期间经历了一些最高的显著比例肺癌死亡率。
我们的研究结果表明，在调整了吸烟因素后，女性从事几种职业和行业时，肺癌的风险显著增加。由于美国男性 6-17%的肺癌归因于已知的职业性致癌物质暴露，并且已经注意到香烟烟雾与其他职业性肺癌致癌物之间的协同相互作用，因此继续研究职业暴露对男性和女性劳动者的影响非常重要。
