Payán-Rentería Rolando, Garibay-Chávez Guadalupe, Rangel-Ascencio Raul, Preciado-Martínez Veronica, Muñoz-Islas Laura, Beltrán-Miranda Claudia, Mena-Munguía Salvador, Jave-Suárez Luis, Feria-Velasco Alfredo, De Celis Ruth
Department of Environmental Health, Biological and Agricultural Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico.
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2012;67(1):22-30. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2011.564230.
Pesticides are frequently used substances worldwide, even when the use of some of them is forbidden due to the recognized adverse effect they have on the health of not only the people who apply the pesticides, but also of those that consume the contaminated products. The objectives of this study were to know the health issues of farm workers chronically exposed to pesticides, to evaluate possible damage at genetic level, as well as to explore some hepatic, renal, and hematological alterations. A transversal comparative study was performed between 2 groups, one composed of 25 farm workers engaged in pesticide spraying, and a control group of 21 workers not exposed to pesticides; both groups belonged to the Nextipac community in Jalisco, Mexico. Each member of both groups underwent a full medical history. Blood samples were taken from all farm workers in order to obtain a complete blood count and chemistry, clinical chemistry, lipid profile, liver and kidney function tests, erythrocyte cholinesterase quantification, lipid peroxidation profile, and free DNA fragment quantification. For the information analysis, central tendency and dispersion measurements were registered. In order to know the differences between groups, a cluster multivariate method was used, as well as prevalence reasons. The most used pesticides were mainly organophosphates, triazines and organochlorine compounds. The exposed group showed acute poisoning (20% of the cases) and diverse alterations of the digestive, neurological, respiratory, circulatory, dermatological, renal, and reproductive system probably associated to pesticide exposure. More importantly, they presented free DNA fragments in plasma (90.8 vs 49.05 ng/mL) as well as a higher level of lipid peroxidation (41.85 vs. 31.91 nmol/mL) in comparison with those data from unexposed farm workers. These results suggest that there exist health hazards for those farm workers exposed to pesticides, at organic and cellular levels.
农药是全球范围内频繁使用的物质，即便其中一些因被认定不仅会对施用农药的人员健康，还会对食用受污染产品的人员健康产生不利影响而被禁用。本研究的目的是了解长期接触农药的农场工人的健康问题，评估可能的基因层面损伤，以及探究一些肝脏、肾脏和血液学改变。在两组之间进行了一项横向比较研究，一组由25名从事农药喷洒工作的农场工人组成，另一组是21名未接触农药的工人组成的对照组；两组均来自墨西哥哈利斯科州的内斯蒂帕克社区。两组的每位成员都进行了完整的病史采集。采集了所有农场工人的血样，以进行全血细胞计数及生化检查、临床化学检查、血脂分析、肝肾功能测试、红细胞胆碱酯酶定量、脂质过氧化分析以及游离DNA片段定量。对于信息分析，记录了集中趋势和离散度测量值。为了解组间差异，使用了聚类多变量方法以及患病率原因分析。使用最多的农药主要是有机磷、三嗪和有机氯化合物。暴露组出现急性中毒（20%的病例）以及消化系统、神经系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、皮肤系统、肾脏和生殖系统的多种改变，可能与农药接触有关。更重要的是，与未接触农药的农场工人的数据相比，他们血浆中出现了游离DNA片段（90.8对49.05纳克/毫升）以及更高水平的脂质过氧化（41.85对31.91纳摩尔/毫升）。这些结果表明，对于那些接触农药的农场工人，在器官和细胞层面存在健康危害。
