Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Aug 13;21(8):1061. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21081061.
This study focuses on describing the diversity of pesticides, the knowledge and behaviors of their use, and the acute poisoning symptoms (APS) derived from their exposure from two agricultural production systems (papaya- L.- and chili- L.-) in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through surveys, sociodemographic information, characteristics of the production system, knowledge and behaviors in the handling of pesticides, and APS perceived by users were captured. Papaya producers are younger, have fewer years of activity, and have larger agricultural areas than chili producers. Insect attacks and diseases are an essential factor for the application of pesticides. Thirty-one active ingredients (Ais) were identified in papaya and thirty-seven in chili, predominantly insecticides and fungicides of toxicological category IV. Approximately 50% of users apply mixtures of different Ais, have little knowledge and inappropriate behavior in their handling, and report up to five acute pesticide poisoning symptoms, mainly burning and irritation of the skin, burning eyes, itchy skin, runny nose, headache, and watery eyes. The production of papaya and chili are relevant activities for generating economic income, but they risk the producer's and their family's health. Both systems are a potential scenario for the manifestation of diseases due to exposure to pesticides in the medium and long term.
本研究旨在描述墨西哥瓦哈卡州两种农业生产系统（木瓜- L. 和辣椒- L.）中农药的多样性、使用知识和行为，以及因接触农药而产生的急性中毒症状（APS）。通过调查，获取了社会人口学信息、生产系统特征、农药处理知识和行为，以及用户感知的 APS。木瓜生产者比辣椒生产者年轻，活动年限少，农业面积大。病虫害是使用农药的一个重要因素。在木瓜中鉴定出 31 种有效成分（Ais），在辣椒中鉴定出 37 种有效成分，主要是毒理学类别 IV 的杀虫剂和杀菌剂。大约 50%的使用者使用不同 Ais 的混合物，在处理过程中知识和行为不当，并报告多达五种急性农药中毒症状，主要是皮肤灼伤和刺激、眼睛灼痛、皮肤瘙痒、流鼻涕、头痛和眼睛流泪。木瓜和辣椒的生产是产生经济收入的重要活动，但它们会危及生产者及其家人的健康。这两个系统都是由于长期接触农药而导致疾病发生的潜在情况。
